Pax Romana Roman Peace. Begins with the rule of Augustus Caesar www.uoregon.edu/~arthist/arthist_204/monumentimages/primaporta_augustus.gif Defeats forces.

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Presentation transcript:

Pax Romana Roman Peace

Begins with the rule of Augustus Caesar Defeats forces of Marc Antony and Cleopatra Solidifies power around 27 B.C. Becomes “Emperor of Rome”

Pax Romana Economic Impact Established uniform system of money - expands trade Guaranteed safe travel and trade in empire –Army - Roman legions –Great road system - 50,000 miles of highway –Promoted prosperity

Pax Romana Social Impact Returned stability of social classes Increased emphasis on family

Pax Romana Political Impact Created Civil Service Developed uniform rule of law –12 Tables –Jus Gentium– non citizen law –Jus Civile--- Laws for all Roman Citizens 1. all persons are innocent until proven guilty. 2. You have the right to a fair trial

Rulers of Pax Romana Julian Rulers (14-68 A.D.) Army Rulers (68-69 A.D.) Flavian Rulers (69-96 A.D.) Five Good Emperors ( A.D.)

Julian Rulers All descendents of Julius Caesar

Nero thepaolas.com/Emperors/Emperors/Scans/Nero.jpg Rules from A.D. Good administrator but vicious –Responsible for many murders including his own mother –Rebuild Rome after great fire – possibly set by Nero to persecute Christians –Had Peter (crucifixion) and Paul (beheaded) executed

Five Good Emperors Nerva (96-98) Trajan (98-117) – Rome expands to greatest extent Hadrian ( ) – Solidified conquests and set up postal service – Hadrian’s wall Antoninius Pius ( ) Marcus Aurelius ( ) Barbaric invasions begin – Pax Romana dies with him

Fall of the Roman Empire Begins with rule of Commodus, Marcus Aurelius’ son

Three Stages of Decline 1.“Crisis of the Third Century” – many economic, military, and political problems 2.Time of revival – empire cut into two halves (Eastern half is strengthened but West continues spiral) 3.Western half falls to Barbaric invaders

Crisis Weakens Empire Contributing Factors

Economic Decay Poor Harvests Disrupted trade (Barbarians) No more plunder from wars Gold and Silver drain Inflation– due to filling coins with copper Crushing tax burden

Political Decay Political office seen as burden, not reward Military interference in politics Civil War and unrest Division of Empire Moving capital to Byzantium

Military Decay Threat from Persians and barbarians Low funds for defense Problems recruiting Roman citizens – recruiting of Barbarians Decline of patriotism an loyalty among soldiers

Social Decay Lack of interest in public affairs Low confidence in empire Disloyalty, lack of patriotism, corruption Contrast between rich and poor

Immediate Causes of Fall Pressure from the Huns Invasion by Germanic tribes and by Huns

Important Emperors of The Move

Diocletian Rules Split empire in two parts – takes control of Eastern empire and names some else to rule the western half Tries to stop inflation

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Constantine Converts to Christianity Reunites both halves of empire Moves capital from Rome to Constantinople (Byzantium)

Theodosius Makes Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire

Invading Barbarian Invaders Goths (Ostrogoths / Visagoths) Franks Vandals Saxons Burgundians Lombards

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Important Invaders Attila the Hun