Core Concepts in Health TENTH EDITION Paul M. Insel Walton T. Roth

Chapter One Taking Charge of Your Health

What is Wellness? Optimal health and vitality that encompasses the following forms:Optimal health and vitality that encompasses the following forms: PhysicalPhysical EmotionalEmotional IntellectualIntellectual SpiritualSpiritual Interpersonal/SocialInterpersonal/Social Environmental/PlanetaryEnvironmental/Planetary These six dimension interact continuously, allowing changes to affect some or others

Infectious vs. Chronic Diseases Infectious: communicable from one person to another e.g. common coldInfectious: communicable from one person to another e.g. common cold Chronic: develops and becomes worse over a period of time, usually caused by lifestyle factorsChronic: develops and becomes worse over a period of time, usually caused by lifestyle factors Heart Disease (CAD)Heart Disease (CAD) CancerCancer StrokeStroke People do have some control over the development of many chronic diseases

The Healthy People Initiative [Table 1-3] National Wellness Goals that the U.S. government seeks to prevent unnecessary disease and disability to achieve a better quality of life for all AmericansNational Wellness Goals that the U.S. government seeks to prevent unnecessary disease and disability to achieve a better quality of life for all Americans Published originally in 1980 and is revised every 10 years.Published originally in 1980 and is revised every 10 years. Each report includes broad goals and targets different areas of wellnessEach report includes broad goals and targets different areas of wellness Year 2010 proposes two goals:Year 2010 proposes two goals: Increase quality and years of healthy lifeIncrease quality and years of healthy life Eliminate health disparities among AmericansEliminate health disparities among Americans

Health Issues for Diverse Populations GenderGender EthnicityEthnicity Income and EducationIncome and Education Disability Geographic Location Sexual Orientation

Factors that Influence Wellness Cigarette smokingCigarette smoking Stress levelsStress levels CynicismCynicism DietDiet Exercise Heredity/Family History Environment Access to adequate health care

How Do You Reach Wellness? Examine Your Current Health HabitsExamine Your Current Health Habits Choose a Target BehaviorChoose a Target Behavior Isolated behavior selectedIsolated behavior selected Obtain Information About Your Target BehaviorObtain Information About Your Target Behavior Finding Outside HelpFinding Outside Help

How to Create a Change in Behavior? Examine Pros and Cons of ChangeExamine Pros and Cons of Change Boost Self-EfficacyBoost Self-Efficacy Internal locus of control (source of responsibility)Internal locus of control (source of responsibility) VisualizationVisualization Self-talkSelf-talk Identify and learn how to overcome barriers to changeIdentify and learn how to overcome barriers to change

Transtheoretical Model for Behavior Change PrecontemplationPrecontemplation ContemplationContemplation PreparationPreparation Action Maintenance Termination James Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente (1991) developed the following model to assist with understanding how behavior can create effective lifestyle changes

How to Create a Personalized Plan for Behavior Change Monitor your behavior and gather dataMonitor your behavior and gather data Analyze the data and identify patternsAnalyze the data and identify patterns Set realistic and specific goalsSet realistic and specific goals Devise a strategy or plan of actionDevise a strategy or plan of action Make a commitment by signing a Personal ContractMake a commitment by signing a Personal Contract

Factors That Affect Behavior Change Social InfluencesSocial Influences Levels of Motivation and CommitmentLevels of Motivation and Commitment Choices of Techniques and Level of EffortChoices of Techniques and Level of Effort Stress BarriersStress Barriers Games People PlayGames People Play

Chapter One Taking Charge of Your Health