Athens & Sparta

Acropolis Most well-known city-state for their acropolis Architecture Columns and Pillars Doric Order Parthenon Most famous Ancient Greek building Built to honor Athena, Goddess of Athens

Developed a new form of government Movement away from a monarchy Athens Introduced Democracy The first form of a vote by the people; not a vote by a king or queen Direct Democracy Exact form of Democracy in Ancient Greece People DIRECTLY vote; no representatives

Democracy Founded by Cleisthenes Pericles was the longest lasting democratic ruler and leader of Athens Voting Rights Male, Landowner, Completed military training Women had rights, but could not vote

Socrates Famous Ancient Greek philosopher and teacher Plato Plato’s Republic Student of Socrates Took over Socrates teachings and became a great philosopher Herodotus The “Father of History” and famous for writing down tales, wars, daily life, and teachings about Ancient Greece

Warrior culture Famous for their abilities in battle Every male citizen was required to enlist in the military Training started at age 7 and lasted until Went to battle after military school Stayed in the army until 60 years old (if they survived) Women had more rights and freedoms than other Greek city-states

Oligarchy Rule by two kings Ephors Counsel to the kings; responsible for education and conduct of citizens The “congress” in today’s terms Council of Elders Consisted of the two kings, 28 citizens over the age of 60 Decided what laws were to be voted on Assembly Made up of only males; voted on the issues/laws

Persians had taken over all of Asia and already half of the Greek empire Sparta waged war against the Persians Ephors did not give permission to fight Enlisted the help of Athens and other city-states 8,000 men in total against an estimated 50,000

The famous “300” Spartans Thermopylae was a mountain pass in Sparta Held off the Persians so they were not able to advance into the heart of Sparta and Greece Success made possible by the force of the Athenian navy Themistocles-naval commander

Fought between Athens and Sparta Two most powerful city-states in Ancient Greece The war lasted 27 years Sparta overpowered Athens and destroyed the Athenian navy Did not stand a chance without the navy The fight for control over Greece continued for 66 years between Sparta, Athens, and Thebes Macedonia to the north was growing and Greece was not ready for what happened next

Complete the handout by the end of class You may work with a partner or group of 3 Inside voices, be respectful of classes next door.