Ancient Greece 1900-133 BC Section 1. The First Greek Civilizations.

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Presentation transcript:

Ancient Greece BC

Section 1. The First Greek Civilizations

Geography

zMountainous zSurrounded by the sea

Result: ySeafaring people yMany different ways of life

zSmall Rivers=no need for powerful priesthood

zMediterranean climate= yOutdoor life yMany men could participate in govt.

The Minoans

Crete BC

zHighly civilized zSea trading people zInfluenced by Egypt and Mesopotamia zSource of Greek Culture

“Labyrinth” Palace at Knossos

Sacred Minoan Bull

Minoan Bull Jumping

Destroyed by natural disaster and invaders

The Mycenaeans BC

Main city: Mycenae

Led by Warrior Kings

zBronze Age culture zInfluenced by the Minoans

Lion’s Gate at Mycenae 1

Mycenae Today 1

Trojan War 1200 BC 2

Troy

Homer 2

zIlliad--story of the Trojan War zOdyssey return of Odysseus

Helen and Priam 1

The Trojan Horse

Achilles 2

zarete--ideal of excellence and virtue

zHeinrich Schliemann 1870 zDiscovered Mycenae and Troy

Troy Today 1

The Fall of Mycenae zWeakened by earthquakes and internecine (internal struggle) fighting

The Dorian Invasion BC zBarbarian Greeks z400 year Dark Age

Section 2: The Greek City-States

z sq. miles z20,000 people The Typical City- State (Polis)

agora--marketplace

The Heart of the City

2 Acropolis--fortified hill in center of the city

Acropolis 2 Agora

Political structure zCitizens--Greek males zAristocrats: hereditary rulers—usually landowners

zMonarchy zOligarchy zDirect democracy Many kinds of governments

14

Tyrants zSometimes seized the government and took land from the rich and gave it to the poor

zTyranny died out by 5 th Century BC

zGreek Colonies

zAll around the Mediterranean and Black Seas zRelieved population pressures

New Kind of Army zIron weapons=increased democracy

2 Hoplite soldiers-- spear and shield

zPhalanx--block formation zDemocracy: Every man in the army

Sumerian Phalanx

Sparta and Athens

Sparta

730 Sparta controls Peloponnesus

zFear of Peasant slave (helots) revolt=

military state

Boys learn military discipline The Boy and the Fox

Spartan lifestyle-- military, austere ylifetime in the military (age 20-60) ystate dedicated to the army

Spartan Hoplite 8 Phalanx

Spartan Woman 8

Spartan Values: duty, strength and discipline over all

Spartan Government zOligarchy z2 Kings

Athens

Draco’s Laws zAthens ruled by Aristocrats zDraconian Laws=debt slavery zAthens verged on Civil War

Solon’s Reforms

zOverturned Draconian Laws zFreed slaves

Cleisthenes’s Reforms-=citizen’s assembly, basis of Athenian democracy