Age of Exploration 1000-1607

England Spain Portugal Italy France Who explored where? Keep this chart in your binder.

Goals for learning To describe the importance of new technology in early navigation and exploration. To identify the major European explorers and the areas they explored. To describe how England’s and Spain’s power in Europe changed after the Spanish Armada was defeated. To identify the first European colonies and who started them.

BC & AD 1BC 1AD

Explorers Name Birth Flag What he explored Country Country

Bjarni Herjólfsson 986 AD 1st European in N. America—in a way -- or was he?

Leif Eriksson 1000 A.D. Stoneland Woodland Vinland

Statue of Leif Eriksson in Reykjavík, Iceland

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Ideas of Exploration Begin Italian traders Route to the Far East by sea Events Affecting Exploration: Published account of Marco Polo Henry the Navigator’s School Invention of the Compass Accurate maps helped people accept that the world was round Early globes

Marco Polo Explored Far East in 13th Century Europeans dreamed of a safer & shorter route to the Indies--India, China, Thailand, and Vietnam

Prince Henry the Navigator

Caravel

Bartholomeu Dias 1488 -- Cape of Good Hope

Cristoforo Colombo Wanted to find an all water route to the Indies by sailing west Queen Isabella of Spain agreed to finance his voyage. On his initial voyage, he had three ships. He called the natives Indios (and the area the West Indies) because he thought he was in Indonesia

Columbus Day is also known as Dia de la Raza in many Spanish-speaking countries to commemorate those first encounters between Europeans and Native Americans.

Conquistadores Conquerors Married Indian women creating new class of people, mestizos Creates a link between Latin American Indians and European races

Vasco da Gama 1498, reached India

John Cabot Amerigo Vespucci Juan Ponce de Leon Vasco Nunez de Balboa 1497, Newfoundland, northeast North America. Amerigo Vespucci South America. Juan Ponce de Leon Went in search of gold and the fountain of youth Florida Vasco Nunez de Balboa Pacific Ocean

Francisco Pizarro Ferdinand Magellan Hernando Cortes Defeated the Incas Ferdinand Magellan Found the water route around the New World (around South America) Proved the world was round Hernando Cortes Defeated Montezuma, the Aztec King Landed in what is now Mexico Pizarro—Peru was in civil war between Atahualpa and his brother, and smallpox broke out. Pizarro imprisoned A, took the ransom, and then had him executed. The brother had been killed by another Spanish general. Mexico—Cortes sank his ships so his men would not leave. Montezuma received him hospitably but was imprisoned and later killed. As a final blow, smallpox broke out.

Giovanni da Verrazzano Searched for the Northwest Passage Sailed from what is nowNorth Carolina to Cape Cod Jacques Cartier Explored Canada via the St. Lawrence River searching for Northwest Passage Sir Francis Drake Sailed around South America and traveled up the Pacific coast as far as what is now the state of Washington

Hernando de Soto de Soto led the largest expedition of the 16th and 17th century through the southeast and midwest of today's USA

England and France Start Colonies King Philip II of Spain sent a fleet of ships to England to defeat them The English sailors defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588. Queen Elizabeth granted Sir Humphrey Gilbert a charter to establish a colony in North America. Gilbert died. However, his half brother received the charter (Sir Walter Raleigh).

Sir Walter Raleigh 1578—sails to New World with Sir Humphrey Gilbert 1584—his ships land at Roanoke Island 1585--Named governor, he calls his colony Virginia 1587—Roanoke Colony established 1588—led English navy against Armada

The Lost Colony John White led the Roanoke Colony. White returned to England in 1587 to get more supplies. On his return in 1590, White was unable to find a trace of the colonists. The word “CROATOAN” was found carved on a tree. Virginia Dare, White’s grand-daughter, was the first English child born in America.

Other Colonies Samuel de Champlain Founder of a small colony in 1535, on the St. Lawrence River This became known as Quebec. Robert de La Salle Sailed down the Mississippi in 1680

Other Colonies In England, people were looking for land and religious freedom. 1607—Jamestown, Virginia (Virginia Company) 1620—Massachusetts Colony (Plymouth Company)

Critical Thinking: Write your Opinion Do you think the Europeans would have found the New World as quickly if Columbus had not made his voyages? Why or why not? Who do you think was the most important explorer? Why?