“The importance of science is not that it answers questions, but that it continually discovers new questions to ask.” Dr. Frank Oppenheimer

Antlion

Burrowing Owls

Chapter 1 The Study of Life Black-legged kittiwake

What do these things have in common?

Section 1.1 Introduction to Biology All living things share the characteristics of life.

A. What is Biology? Biology studies: origins & history of life and once-living things structures & functions of living things interactions of living things with one another and the environment. Biology is the study of life Organism: living thing

B. What do biologists do? 1. Study the diversity of life Diversity: 2. Research diseases 3. Develop technologies 4. Improve agriculture 5. Preserve the environment

C. What are characteristics of life? 1. Living things are made of cells. Cells have specific structures and functions. Cells are Specialized (ex. Muscle, blood, and nerve cells) Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms

C. What are characteristics of life? 2.Living things are organized! organized at both the molecular & cellular level molecules  cells  tissues  organs  organ systems  organism

C. What are characteristics of life? Growth: Cell Division (Mitosis) produces two identical cells. Cells specialize to form different types of cells Development begins at conception and continues throughout your lifetime. You have about 50 trillion cells…. all from one fertilized egg! 3. All living things grow and develop.

C. What are characteristics of life? Genetic information (DNA, chromosomes, genes) transferred to offspring Asexual: one organism produces two genetically identical offspring Sexual: combined genetic material from two parents; results in similar offspring Essential for survival of species Species: organisms that breed and produce fertile offspring. 4. Living things reproduce.

C. What are characteristics of life? Anything that is part of the internal or external environments of a living thing can be a stimulus. The reaction to a stimulus results in a response by the organism. 5. Living things respond to stimuli How does the Venus flytrap respond to stimuli to obtain food?

Stimulus - Response Plants respond to lightHumans respond to temperature

C. What are characteristics of life? 6. Living things require energy to survive. Autotroph “self feeder” uses sun’s energy - photosynthesis Heterotroph “other feeder” eating - cell respiration

Metabolism Sum of all the chemical activities in the body Catabolism: break down of substances Anabolism: building up of substances

C. What are characteristics of life? 7. Organisms must maintain stability or homeostasis. Regulation of an organism’s internal conditions. Example: athletes traveling to a higher altitude to train.

C. What are characteristics of life? 8.Adaptations evolve over time Adaptation: any inherited characteristic. Favorable adaptations increase survival & will be passed on to offspring. Natural Selection. Two driving forces of Natural Selection: Competition Variation Over time, organisms become better suited to the environment than ancestors were. How are polar bears adapted to their environment?

C. What are characteristics of life? Think “CHOGEERS” C H O G E R S Means: Cells Homeostasis Organization Grow & develop Energy Evolve - adaptations Reproduce Stimuli & Response

Section 1.2 The Nature of Science Science is a process based on inquiry that seeks to develop explanations.

A. What is Science? Science is a body of knowledge based on the study of nature. Science is based on inquiry. Biologists use specific methods to conduct research - The Scientific Method

A. What is Science? 1. Relies on Evidence theory: explanation supported by many observations & experiments. results of experiments supporting this theory are always the same.

A. What is Science? 2. Expands Scientific Knowledge research is continually reevaluated reevaluation often leads to new knowledge

A. What is Science? 3. Challenges Accepted Theories Scientists debate one another’s ideas. Sciences advance by accommodating new information as it is discovered.

A. What is Science? 4. Questions Results Inconsistent data or observations to current scientific understanding are of interest to scientists inconsistencies often lead to further investigations

A. What is Science? 5. Tests Claims Science information is based on large amounts of data and observations obtained from unbiased investigations and carefully controlled experimentation. Conclusions result from the evidence

A. What is Science? 6. Undergoes Peer Review Peer review: procedures used in an experiment and the results obtained are evaluated by other scientists in the who are conducting similar research.

A. What is Science? 7. Uses Metric System Used worldwide, so scientists can repeat the work of others in a new experiment. Metric system uses units with divisions that are powers of ten