Fall of Empires Independence of India, Pakistan, and Israel

What happened to Britain and France during the WWII? What two countries become the Super Powers during the Cold War? What happened as a result of the fall of Great Britain and France?

France and Britain are in Ruins The former empires can no longer afford to keep their colonies Britain will lose: South Africa; Egypt; India; Palestine

Partition (Separation) of India

Who was this man? What was he doing in India? What were some of his principles?

Indian National Congress Mohandas K. GandhiJawaharlal Nehru

Muslim League Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the leader of the Muslim League Muslim League desired a separate state for Muslims Why do you think Muslims wanted a country of their own?

Who made up the majority religious group in British India?

The Muslim League feared Hindu Majority. They wanted to have a separate state for the Muslim population

British India

1947 Independence of India and Pakistan

India – Majority Hindus Pakistan – Majority Muslims

Nehru first Prime Minister of IndiaJinnah First Governor General of Pakistan

Sikhs and Hindus were forced out of their homes in Pakistan Muslims were forced out of their homes in India People lost their homes Refugee Poverty and crime

Hindus & Sikhs massacred Muslims Muslims massacred Hindus & Sikhs

Continuing Conflict and Rivalry

Do you think the violence could have been avoided? Why or why not? Please explain your answer

Birth of Israel

Discussion Questions Traditionally where were the Jews from? What happened to the Jews throughout history? Do you think the conflicts in the Middle east is primarily that of religious conflicts? Explain your answer

Religion in the Middle East Similarities Christianity Judaism Islam

Religion in the Middle East One God – monotheistic Prayer Holy book Pilgrimage Prophets Charity Fasting Christianity Jesus is the Son of God Judaism Still waiting for the Messiah or Savior Islam Muhammad is the last prophet God has sent to earth

Background of Palestine Jews migrated and established their kingdom of Israel around 1300 BC Romans takeover the Jerusalem 63 AD – Jewish Revolt 66 AD (Crushed by the Romans) – Diaspora In Europe Jewish population suffered discrimination – Anti-Semitism Zionism – Movement that desired to build a Jewish state in the territories of Palestine

Background of Palestine Balfour Declaration British promised to create a Jewish homeland after WWI o Support from European Jews Palestinians (modern Arab speaking native people of the region) rejected the Balfour Declaration.

Holocaust

United Nations created Israel to redress their suffering in WWII No Palestinian representation at the meeting All Islamic countries rejected the creation of Israel—neighboring countries waged series of wars and conflicts with them.

Nakba The displacement and exodus of the Palestinians from their homes 1948 due to the creation of Israel and the conflicts is known in Arabic as the Nakba, “catastrophe.”

Gaza Strip West Bank

Israel set up sanctions on Hamas government in Gaza. Some Palestinians have resorted to Terrorism.

Conflict in the Middle East 2014 Gaza War 2008 Gaza War 2006 Israel-Lebanon War 2000 Al-Aqsa Intifada Intifada 1982 Lebanon War 1973 "Yom Kippur" War 1970 Black September 1970 War of Attrition 1967 "Six Day" War

Discussion Questions Continued Would you be able to live where your family members were murdered in cold blood, where you were hated for centuries? How would you feel if your home and land was given to somebody else? Could the Israeli-Palestinian conflict have been avoided? What could the British and the UN could have done better? Is the conflict in the middle east that of religion or land?