Cells and Tissues  Cells =  Tissues = Ch. 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric

4.1 Types of Tissues A. Four primary types :  Epithelial  Connective  Muscle  Nervous B. Embryonic Origin of Tissues  Ectoderm  Mesoderm  Endoderm

** Tissue Membranes after 4 tissues ** C.Cell to Cell Junctions (was under Epithelial Tissues) 1.Tight 2. Anchoring 1.Gap

4.2 Epithelial Tissues  General Locations  Boundaries:  Glands  Lab Clue: Space  Characteristics  General Structure:  Cell Polarity:  apical surface  basal surface  Basement membrane:  Basal lamina  Reticular lamina  Functions

4.2 Epithelial Tissues A. General Locations  Boundaries:  Glands B. Characteristics  Cell Density  Matrix  Cell Polarity:  apical surface  basal surface  Basement membrane:  Basal lamina glycoproteins and collage  Reticular lamina  Avascular  Mitosis Apical Surfaces Basal Surface

C. Classification of Epithelium 1.Layers  Simple:  Stratified: Figure 3.17a

Classification of Epithelia … 2. Shape of cells  Squamous  Cuboidal  Columnar  Stratified cell shape Figure 3.17b

D. SPECIFIC TYPES 1. Simple Squamous Epithelia – - Locations - Functions Figure 3.18a SPECIAL TYPES Endothelium – inner covering of heart, lymph, and blood vessels Mesothelium – epithelium of serous membranes Alveoli of Lungs

Simple Squamous Epithelium in the Kidney Glomeruli Glomeruli of Kidneys

2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelia - Locations - Functions Central nucleus

Simple Cuboidal- in the Kidneys

3. Simple Columnar Epithelia – Locations: Functions: Structural Specializations - Goblet cells (see next slide) - Microvilli

Simple Columnar in Small Intestine Lining (showing Microvilli & Goblet Cell) Goblet Cell w/ mucusMicrovilli

4. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelia – - Structure - Location - Function

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar inside trachea Cilia Goblet Cells

5. Stratified Squamous Epithelia Types: keratinized and non-keratinized Location Function Basal Cells Top cells Non-keratinized (Non-keratinized)

Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

6. Stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelia  RARE  Stratified cuboidal  Stratified columnar

7. Transitional Epithelia - Structure - Locations - Functions

E. Glandular Epithelium: gland =  Endocrine gland  Exocrine gland

E. Glandular Epithelium … 1. Classification: # cells  Unicellular  Goblet cells  Multicellular

E. Glandular Epithelium … 2. Class… Multicellular by complexity  Simple  Compound: 3. Classification by what is secreted:  Mucous  Sweat,  Oil  Salivary glands

4. Modes of Secretion  Merocrine  Exocytosis  Apocrine  Holocrine

END

Review Question 4. Epithelium tissue with multiple layers of flat cells are known as __________________________. If the cells attached to the basal membrane are cuboidal but the cells on the apical surface are flat, the tissue is called _________________________.

Review Questions 5a. List 2 functions of simple squamous epithelium. 5b. List 1 function of stratified squamous epithelium.

Review Questions 1a.What are the 6 major functions of epithelial tissues? Do all epithelial tissues carry out all of these functions? 1b.What type of ET is shown here?

Review Question 2. Fully describe the gland below: endocrine or exocrine? Simple or compound? Merocrine or Holocrine?