World War I: Effects Standard The Treaty of Versailles Standard Objective – Analyze the aims and roles of world leaders in negotiating the terms of the Treaty of Versailles; analyze the influence of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points; analyze the causes and effects of U.S. rejection of the League of Nations.

Question of the Day Evaluation If you were a U.S. Senator, would you have supported the Treaty of Versailles which included the League of Nations provision? Write a paragraph explaining your choice. Include a topic sentence and statements of fact and opinion that support your topic sentence. If you were a U.S. Senator, would you have supported the Treaty of Versailles which included the League of Nations provision? Write a paragraph explaining your choice. Include a topic sentence and statements of fact and opinion that support your topic sentence.

Extra Credit Question Analysis Of all the provisions that Germany must follow after the war, which one do you believe would led to the most problems in the future and why? Of all the provisions that Germany must follow after the war, which one do you believe would led to the most problems in the future and why?

The Fourteen Points During World War I, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson drew up a proposal of postwar peace that was known as the Fourteen Points The Treaty of Versailles Germany signs the Armistice

You Must Remember This! Question – What was the overall goal of Wilson’s Fourteen Points? Question – What was the overall goal of Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

The Fourteen Points The Fourteen Points included: General suggestions for encouraging peace, such as an end to secret treaties/open diplomacy, … The Treaty of Versailles

The Fourteen Points The Fourteen Points included: Specific recommendations for changing borders and creating new nations, based on the principle of national self determination The Treaty of Versailles

The Fourteen Points allowing people to decide for themselves under what government or nation they wished to live The Treaty of Versailles

You Must Remember This! Question – What was the basic idea of self-determination? Question – What was the basic idea of self-determination?

The Fourteen Points The Fourteen Points included: A call for “a general association of nations” that would peacefully negotiate solutions to world conflicts, … The Treaty of Versailles

You Must Remember This! Question – What would be the goal of the League of Nations? Question – What would be the goal of the League of Nations?

The Fourteen Points 1 st – Open Treaties 2 nd – Freedom of seas 3 rd – Remove trade barriers 4 th – Reduce arms 5 th – Adjust colonial claims (Imperialism) 6 th – Evacuate Russia 7 th – Preserve Belgian Sovereignty 8 th – Solve Alsace- Lorraine question 9 th – Redraw Italian border 10 th – Divide Austria- Hungary 11 th – Redraw Balkan boundaries 12 th – Turkey controls only their own people and free navigation 13 th – Independent Poland 14 th – League of Nations

Negotiating the Treaty of Versailles The Fourteen Points would be the starting point that led to the Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles

Negotiating the Treaty of Versailles The talks were attended by delegates from Allied and neutral countries The Treaty of Versailles

Negotiating the Treaty of Versailles Germany and its allies were not allowed to participate at the peace conference The Treaty of Versailles

You Must Remember This! Question – Which nation was not allowed to participate at the Paris Peace Conference?

Negotiating the Treaty of Versailles David Lloyd George, prime minister of Great Britain, hoped to protect and expand the British Empire but also wanted to make the Germans pay for the war The Treaty of Versailles

Negotiating the Treaty of Versailles George Clemenceau, premier of France, wanted to insure national security by punishing Germany

You Must Remember This! Question – What was the number one goal of France and its leader? Question – What was the number one goal of France and its leader?

Negotiating the Treaty of Versailles The United States, Great Britain, & France, known as the Big Three, made most of the important decisions at the Paris Peace Conference

Negotiating the Treaty of Versailles Italy, led by premier Vittorio Orlando, was seeking more territory for its country The Treaty of Versailles

Negotiating the Treaty of Versailles Sometimes Italy was let in on the negotiations and would create a Big Four The Treaty of Versailles Lloyd George, Orlando, Clemenceau, Wilson

You Must Remember This! Question – Which countries and leaders made up the Big Four? Question – Which countries and leaders made up the Big Four?

Terms of the Treaty The treaty declared that the Germans were guilty of starting the war The Treaty of Versailles

Terms of the Treaty It ordered Germany to pay $33 billion in reparations for all damages suffered by the Allies The Treaty of Versailles

Terms of the Treaty The treaty required Germany to greatly reduce its military forces and… The Treaty of Versailles

Terms of the Treaty … return the territory of Alsace and Lorraine to France The Treaty of Versailles

Terms of the Treaty Germany also was forced to give up its overseas colonies The Treaty of Versailles

You Must Remember This! Question – What were three ways Germany was punished by the Treaty of Versailles? Question – What were three ways Germany was punished by the Treaty of Versailles?

Terms of the Treaty The League of Nations, an international peace organization, was established, with the main goal of keeping peace by preventing future wars The Treaty of Versailles

Terms of the Treaty Germany and Russia were excluded from membership The Treaty of Versailles

You Must Remember This! Question – What was the main goal of the League of Nations? Question – What was the main goal of the League of Nations? Question – Which leader came up with the idea for the League of Nations? Question – Which leader came up with the idea for the League of Nations?

Terms of the Treaty The German government accepted the peace terms because it had no choice. To refuse would mean to go back to war. However, the treaty outraged & angered the German people. They believed the treaty was a harsh & unfair peace.

You Must Remember This! Question – How did the Germans feel about the Treaty of Versailles?

THE TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES 1919 WAR GUILT CLAUSE GERMAN NATIONAL TERRITORY GERMANY’S MILITARY FORCES REDUCED GERMAN OVERSEAS TERRITORRIES NO UNION WITH AUSTRIA REPARATIONS Germany had to accept blame for starting WW1 - Army restricted to 100,000 men. - No modern weapons such as tanks, military air force. - Navy could not have battle ships over 10,000 tons and no U-Boats. - Germany lost national territory which was given to Belgium and Denmark, most went to Poland. Germany lost Chinese ports [Amoy and Tsingtao], Pacific Islands, and African colonies [Tanganika and German SW Africa]. RHINELAND TO BE DE-MILITARISED Germany forced to pay massive fine for war damages - 1,000,000,000 Marks (6.6bn pounds). The Treaty was designed to cripple Germany militarily, territorially and economically

The United States Rejects the League of Nations In November 1919, the U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles

The United States Rejects the League of Nations The League of Nations was the main sticking point The Treaty of Versailles

The United States Rejects the League of Nations The U.S. Senate & many Americans were concerned that membership in the League would diminish the right of the United States to make its own decisions The Treaty of Versailles

The United States Rejects the League of Nations More importantly, the treaty required each member nation to support the boundaries of other member nations The Treaty of Versailles

The United States Rejects the League of Nations a requirement that many feared could lead to U.S. involvement in future European wars The Treaty of Versailles

You Must Remember This! Question – Why did the U.S. Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles?

The United States Rejects the League of Nations The U.S. would never ratify the Treaty of Versailles and so would never become a member of the league. In the future, the league wouldn’t be able to maintain peace in Europe. The league wouldn’t be able to use military force, only economic sanctions against aggressive nations

You Must Remember This! Question - Why would the League of Nations be unable to maintain peace in Europe? Question - Why would the League of Nations be unable to maintain peace in Europe?

The Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles punished Germany too harshly and failed to prevent World War II The Treaty of Versailles

Extra Credit Question Analysis Of all the provisions that Germany must follow after the war, which one do you believe would led to the most problems in the future and why? Of all the provisions that Germany must follow after the war, which one do you believe would led to the most problems in the future and why?

Standard Summary 1. Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points were a plan for postwar peace. 2. The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to accept sole responsibility for the war. 3. The United States refused to join the League of Nations because they feared it would lead to involvement in future European wars. Required Reading:

Question of the Day Evaluation If you were a U.S. Senator, would you have supported the Treaty of Versailles which included the League of Nations provision? Write a paragraph explaining your choice. Include a topic sentence and statements of fact and opinion that support your topic sentence. If you were a U.S. Senator, would you have supported the Treaty of Versailles which included the League of Nations provision? Write a paragraph explaining your choice. Include a topic sentence and statements of fact and opinion that support your topic sentence.

Topic Sentence If I was a U.S. Senator, I _________ supported the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations. If I was a U.S. Senator, I _________ supported the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.