Cells and Organelles A eukaryotic cell has membrane-bound organelles

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Presentation transcript:

Cells and Organelles A eukaryotic cell has membrane-bound organelles Eukaryotes include plants, animals, protists, and fungi They evolved from simpler prokaryotic cells (which lack membrane-bound organelles) Prokaryotes include bacteria

A Prokaryotic Cell

A Eukaryotic Animal Cell

A Eukaryotic Plant Cell

Nucleus Membrane-bound organelle which contains most of the cell’s DNA

Ribosomes Not membrane-bound Makes the cell’s proteins

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER) Membrane-bound organelle that is continuous with the nucleus and smooth ER Studded with ribosomes Modifies proteins

Smooth Endoplasmic Retilculum (sER) Membrane-bound organelle that is continuous with the rER Creates fats and helps with detoxification

rER and sER

Golgi Apparatus Membrane-bound organelle Modifies, sorts and ships cell products particularly proteins that are exported from the cell

Lysosome Membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes

Vacuoles Membrane-bound organelles with a diversity of functions/types Central vacuole- stores water in plant cells Food vacuole- stores food until fusion with a lysosome Contractile vacuole- expels water from paramecium

Peroxisomes Membrane-bound organelle that breaks down harmful substances in the cell Ex. breaking hydrogen peroxide (harmful to cell) into water and oxygen (both not harmful) H2O2  H2O + O2

Mitochondria Membrane-bound organelle that creates ATP (energy) from oxygen and sugar All eukaryotic cells have mitochondria (including plants)

Cytoplasm Gel-like interior of a cell Organelles and molecules are dispersed within the cytoplasm

Plasma Membrane Layer surrounding all cells just outside the cytoplasm Selectively permeable membrane (only allows certain molecules into and out of the cell)

Cell Wall Rigid outer covering of some cells including plant cells and prokaryotes Provides protection and support for the cell

Chloroplasts Membrane-bound organelle that creates sugar from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water performs photosynthesis Eukaryotic cells like plants and some protists have chloroplast

Cytoskeleton Protein fibers that spread throughout the entire cell that provide support and allow organelles to move around the cell Cilia and flagella are specific components Cilia

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