Newton’s 1 st Law An object continues in uniform motion in a straight line or at rest unless a resultant external force acts.

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Presentation transcript:

Newton’s 1 st Law An object continues in uniform motion in a straight line or at rest unless a resultant external force acts

Newton’s 1 st Law An object continues in uniform motion in a straight line or at rest unless a resultant external force acts Does this make sense?

Newton’s 1 st law Newton’s first law was actually discovered by Galileo. Newton nicked it!

Newton’s first law Galileo imagined a marble rolling in a very smooth (i.e. no friction) bowl.

Newton’s first law If you let go of the ball, it always rolls up the opposite side until it reaches its original height (this actually comes from the conservation of energy).

Newton’s first law No matter how long the bowl, this always happens

Newton’s first law No matter how long the bowl, this always happens. constant velocity

Newton’s first law Galileo imagined an infinitely long bowl where the ball never reaches the other side!

Newton’s first law The ball travels with constant velocity until its reaches the other side (which it never does!). Galileo realised that this was the natural state of objects when no (resultant ) forces act. constant velocity

Newton’s second law Newton’s second law concerns examples where there is a resultant force. I thought of this law myself!

Newton’s 2nd law So when there is a resultant force, an object accelerates (changes velocity) Pushing force friction Porche

Newton’s 2 nd law There is a mathematical relationship between the resultant force and acceleration. Resultant force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (ms -2 ) F R = ma It’s physics, there’s always a mathematical relationship!

Newton’s 3 rd law If a body A exerts a force on body B, body B will exert an equal but opposite force on body A. Hand (body A) exerts force on table (body B) Table (body B) exerts force on hand (body A)

Free-body diagrams

Shows the magnitude and direction of all forces acting on a single body The diagram shows the body only and the forces acting on it.

Examples Mass hanging on a rope W (weight) T (tension in rope)

Examples Inclined slope W (weight) R (normal reaction force) F (friction) If a body touches another body there is a force of reaction or contact force. The force is perpendicular to the body exerting the force

Examples String over a pulley T (tension in rope) W1W1 W1W1

Examples Ladder leaning against a wall R R F F W

Adding forces – again! fendt.de/ph14e/resultant.htmhttp:// fendt.de/ph14e/resultant.htm