Japan Returns to Isolation

New Feudalism Strong leaders emerge 1467 to 1568 civil war Time of “Warring States” Daimyo lords in new feudal system Warrior Chieftains Emperor is a figurehead No real power Daimyo build armies Mounted samurai Gun-bearing infantry Strong leaders emerge Oda Nobunaga seizes capital of Kyoto 1568 Tries to eliminate rivals and Buddhist monasteries Commits suicide when ally turns against him

Tokugawa Shogunate unifies Japan Toyotomi Hideyoshi takes command Nobunaga’s best general Finishes Nobunaga’s work By 1590 controls most of Japan Tries to invade Korea Tokugawa Ieyasu assumes control Hideyoshi’s biggest daimyo ally Defeated enemies and unifies Japan Battle of Sekigahara Names himself shogun Sole ruler Moves capital to Edo (Tokyo) Establishes Tokugawa Shogunate Controls Japan from 1603 to 1867

Society in Tokugawa Japan 200 years of peace, prosperity and cultural growth Kept daimyo under control Required to spend every other year in capital Families stayed in Capital “alternative attendance policy” Rule of law overcame rule of sword Life of peasants Miserable because of high taxes and hard work Merchants prospered as economy grew Confucian influence Believed society depended on agriculture By mid-1700’s people headed towards cities

Culture under Tokugawa Shogunate Traditional culture thrives Samurai enjoyed noh dramas Tragic themes, tales of ancient warriors Haiku popular among townspeople Three unrhymed lines of 5, 7 and 5 syllables Kabuki challenges traditional entertainment Theater about urban life Music, dance, mime and elaborate costumes

Contact between Europe and Japan 1540’s European traders begin arriving Welcomed by Japanese European firearms change society Lords built fortified castles

Christianity in Japan 1549 Missionaries began arriving By 1600 300,000 Japanese converted Tokugawa Ieyasu feared rising religion Didn’t want to scare off Europeans 1612 banned Christianity 1616 rebellion Many Christians and Samurai involved All Japanese required to demonstrate faithfulness to Buddhism

Closed Country Policy Persecution of Christians Japanese leaders Control foreign ideas Japanese leaders Wanted trade Not ideas and ways Closed Country Policy Sealed Japan’s borders Only one port opened to limited trade Nagasaki Only Dutch and Chinese traders Japanese could not leave For 200 years Japan developed in isolation

Bookwork SB pg. 109 Pg. 113 #1-8

Quiz A

1 - What term describes the dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from 1603 to 1867, and enjoyed more than two centuries of stability, prosperity and isolation?

2 - According to Confucius, the ideal society depended on what, but by the mid-1700s many people abandoned farm life and headed to cities?

3 - What term describes a Japanese form of poetry, consisting of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables?

4 - Japanese merchants, eager to expand their markets, were happy to receive Portuguese sailors and their goods, but what forever changed the tradition of the Japanese warrior and led to daimyos building fortified castles?

5 - The emphasis on tradition and culture in early modern China produced little creativity but provided a sense of what in a time of change that helped unify Chinese society?

6 - Which Chinese dynasty (1368-1644) was a dominant power and would not allow outsiders from distant lands to threaten the peace and prosperity they brought to China following the end of Mongol Rule?

7 - Although Chinese merchants in the 1500s smuggled cargos of silk, porcelain and other valuable goods out of the country and into Europe, China’s official trade policy reflected what position?