Objective 6.0 Define solution in terms of solute and solvent (5 EQT questions)

Mixtures Are combinations of substances that are not bonded together and can be separated by physical processes. Are combinations of substances that are not bonded together and can be separated by physical processes. There are two different types of mixtures: heterogeneous and homogeneous There are two different types of mixtures: heterogeneous and homogeneous

Heterogeneous A type of mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly. A type of mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly. Substances are usually easy to tell apart Substances are usually easy to tell apart

Homogeneous A homogeneous mixtures contains two or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but still are not bonded together. A homogeneous mixtures contains two or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but still are not bonded together. Another name for a homogeneous mixtures is a solution. Another name for a homogeneous mixtures is a solution.

Solutions A solution is a mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of particles of two or more substances that are distributed evenly amongst each other. A solution is a mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of particles of two or more substances that are distributed evenly amongst each other. Solutions are made of two parts: solute and solvent Solutions are made of two parts: solute and solvent

Solute and Solvent Solute - the substance being dissolved, present in the smaller amount Solute - the substance being dissolved, present in the smaller amount Solvent - the substance in which the solute is dissolved, present in the larger amount Solvent - the substance in which the solute is dissolved, present in the larger amount Example: Chocolate Milk Example: Chocolate Milk Solute=cocoa powder Solvent=milk

Water is known as the universal solvent.

Diffusion Diffusion: the process by which substances move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Diffusion: the process by which substances move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Example: Sugar or salt dissolving in water. Think Koolaide, instant coffee or tea, Crystal Lite Example: Sugar or salt dissolving in water. Think Koolaide, instant coffee or tea, Crystal Lite

Molecules in solution tend to slowly spread apart over time. This is diffusion. Molecules in solution tend to slowly spread apart over time. This is diffusion. Diffusion

Diffusion [High][Low] concentrated, high energy molecules diffuse, low energy molecules

Osmosis Osmosis is the movement of WATER through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high-water concentration to an area of low- water concentration. Osmosis is the movement of WATER through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high-water concentration to an area of low- water concentration. At first the concentration of solute is very high on the left. At first the concentration of solute is very high on the left. But over time, the water moves across the semi-permeable membrane, and dilutes the particles. But over time, the water moves across the semi-permeable membrane, and dilutes the particles.

Three Types of Solutions Isotonic Solutions Isotonic Solutions Hypertonic Solutions Hypertonic Solutions Hypotonic Solutions Hypotonic Solutions

Isotonic Solutions In an isotonic solution the solute and solvent are equal. In an isotonic solution the solute and solvent are equal. A cell normally wants to remain in an isotonic solution where the concentration of the liquid inside of it equals the concentration of the liquid outside of it. A cell normally wants to remain in an isotonic solution where the concentration of the liquid inside of it equals the concentration of the liquid outside of it.

Hypertonic Solution A hypertonic solution is one with a high concentration of solutes when compared to another solution which is separated from it by a semi permeable membrane. A hypertonic solution is one with a high concentration of solutes when compared to another solution which is separated from it by a semi permeable membrane. In a hypertonic solution, a cell shrivels as fluids move out of the cell and into the surrounding solution. A hypertonic solution has a greater concentration of dissolved substances and a smaller concentration of water. In a hypertonic solution, a cell shrivels as fluids move out of the cell and into the surrounding solution. A hypertonic solution has a greater concentration of dissolved substances and a smaller concentration of water.

Hypotonic Solutions With a hypotonic solution, the concentration of solutes is lower than that of a solution on the other side of a membrane, which means that water will be drawn out of the hypotonic solution and into a hypertonic solution. With a hypotonic solution, the concentration of solutes is lower than that of a solution on the other side of a membrane, which means that water will be drawn out of the hypotonic solution and into a hypertonic solution. In a hypotonic solution, a cell expands as fluids move into the cell and out of the surrounding solution. A hypotonic solution has less concentration of dissolved substances and a greater concentration of water. In a hypotonic solution, a cell expands as fluids move into the cell and out of the surrounding solution. A hypotonic solution has less concentration of dissolved substances and a greater concentration of water.

8 th Grade Advanced

Additional Terms An aqueous (ey-kwee-uhs) solution is one in which water is the solvent An aqueous (ey-kwee-uhs) solution is one in which water is the solvent A substance that dissolves in a solvent is said to be soluble. A substance that dissolves in a solvent is said to be soluble. A substance that does NOT dissolve in a solvent is said to be insoluble. A substance that does NOT dissolve in a solvent is said to be insoluble.

Two liquids that are soluble in each other are said to be miscible (mis-uh-buhl). Two liquids that are soluble in each other are said to be miscible (mis-uh-buhl). Two liquids that are NOT soluble in each other are said to be immiscible. Two liquids that are NOT soluble in each other are said to be immiscible.