1. Mixtures & Solutions

2. What are “Substances”?
Substances - can be identified as either an element, compound, or a mixture.
A substance cannot be further broken down by physical means.

4. What is a “Mixture”?
A mixture is made when two or more substances are combined, but they are NOT combined chemically.
Mixtures can be liquids, gases, and solids.

5. Homogenous Mixture
In a homogenous mixture all the substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture.
Examples: salt water, air, blood, yogurt, & brass

6. Heterogeneous Mixture
In a heterogeneous mixture the substances are not evenly distributed and they are easily separated.
Examples: chocolate chip cookies, pizza, fruit salad soil, oil & water

7. Solutions
A solution is a homogeneous mixture, thus it has the same appearance and properties throughout the mixture.
Examples: sugar water, salt water

8. Soluble vs. Insoluble
A substance that dissolves in a solvent is said to be soluble.
Insoluble – a substance
that does not dissolve
in a solvent.

9. Parts of a Solution Solute- is the substance being dissolved.
present in the smaller amount
Solvent- is the substance that dissolves the solute.
present in the larger amount

10. Examples: Solution Solvent Solute 1.) Chocolate Milk:
Choc. Syrup + Milk
Milk
Choc. Syrup
2.) Kool-Aid:
Water + Drink Powder
Water
Drink powder
3.) Alka-seltzer:
CO2 + Water
CO2

11. Universal Solvent
Water is called the universal solvent because many substances can dissolve in it.
Water is a polar molecule.
Oil is not polar.
Oil will not dissolve in water.

12. Solutions
An aqueous solution - is one in which WATER is the solvent.

13. Solutions song

14. Miscible
Two liquids that are soluble in each other are said to be miscible.
Ex 1: Water and vinegar
Ex 2: Acetone & water

15. Immiscible
Two liquids that are not soluble in each other are said to be immiscible.
Ex 1: Oil & water
Ex 2: Oil & vinegar

16. Hypotonic Solution
A hypotonic solution refers to a solution which has a lower solute (salt) content.
Net water movement
into the cell.
Water flows into the cell,
which results in the swelling
and expansion of the cell.

17. Hypertonic Solution
A hypertonic solution has a higher or has more solutes (salt) than another solution.
The word "HYPER" means more.
Water flows out of the cell so
this will cause the cell to shrink.

18. Isotonic Solution
An isotonic solution is having the same (or equal) concentration of solute.
"ISO" means the same.
Movement of water in and
out of the cell is exactly
balanced.

20. Diffusion vs. Osmosis

21. Diffusion
Diffusion is the process by which substances move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

22. Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high-water concentration to an area of low-water concentration.