Fig. 8-9, p.191

Fig. 8-9a, p.191

Fig. 8-9b, p.191

A substituent is alpha when the substituent is below the plane of the molecule. It is represented by a dashed line in a 2- D drawing. Examples in this molecule are: H-5, H-9, H-14, etc. A substituent is beta when the substituent is above the plane of the molecule. It is represented by a bold line in a 2-D drawing. Examples in this molecule are: OH-3, C-18, C-20, etc.

Fig. 8-9c, p.191

Prednisone is a synthetic corticosteroid drug that is usually taken orally but can be delivered by intramuscular injection and can be used for a great number of different conditions. It has a mainly glucocorticoid effect. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone, which is the active drug and also a steroid.corticosteroidintramuscular injectionglucocorticoidprodrugliverprednisolonesteroid

It is a corticosteroid drug with predominantly glucocorticoid and low mineralocorticoid activity, making it useful for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory and auto-immune conditions such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, cluster headaches and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. It can also be used as an immunosuppressive drug for organ transplants and in cases of adrenal insufficiency (Addison's). Prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension is an adrenocortical steroid product prepared as a sterile ophthalmic suspension, used to reduce swelling, redness, itching, and allergic reactions affecting the eye. Corticosteroids inhibit the inflammatorycorticosteroidglucocorticoidmineralocorticoidauto-immuneasthmarheumatoid arthritisUlcerative ColitisCrohn's diseasemultiple sclerosis cluster headachesSystemic Lupus Erythematosus immunosuppressiveorgan transplantsAddison's Prednisolone

Aldosterone, is a steroid hormone (mineralocorticoid family) produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, and acts on the kidney nephron to conserve sodium, secrete potassium, increase water retention, and increase blood pressure.steroid hormonemineralocorticoidzona glomerulosaadrenal cortexadrenal glandkidneynephronsodium potassiumblood pressure

Prednisone and prednisolone are steroid drugs with potent antiinflammatory activities, mediated in part by the inhibition of arachidonate release by phospholipase A2

Fig , p.592

Fig a, p.592

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Fig b, p.594

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Fig a, p.595

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Fig a, p.596

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Fig , p.597

Fig , p.598

Difluprednate (Anti-inflammation) Difluprednate is a corticosteroid, a derivative of prednisolone obtained by fluorination at the 6- and 9- positions, followed by esterification of the 17 and 21-hydroxyl groups with butyric acid and acetic acid, respectively (see figure)corticosteroid

Flunisolide (anti-asthmatic) Flunisolide (marketed as AeroBid, Nasalide, Nasarel) is a corticosteroid often prescribed as treatment for allergic rhinitis. corticosteroidallergic rhinitis The principal mechanism of action of flunisolide is to activate glucocorticoid receptors. It also has anti-inflammatory action glucocorticoidanti-inflammatory

Anabolic steroid