Sedimentary Rocks. I.Sediment A. Introduction Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification.

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Presentation transcript:

Sedimentary Rocks

I.Sediment A. Introduction

Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification 1) Weathering and Erosion

Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification 1) Weathering and Erosion 2) Transportation

Sedimentary Rocks I.Sediment A. Introduction B. Process that leads to Lithification 1) Weathering and Erosion 2) Transportation 3) Deposition

Sedimentary Rocks B. Process that leads to Lithification 1) Weathering and Erosion 2) Transportation 3) Deposition 4) Lithification

Sedimentary Rocks B. Process that leads to Lithification 1) Weathering and Erosion 2) Transportation 3) Deposition 4) Lithification *cementation and compaction

Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks A. Clay

Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks A.Clay (multiple meanings) 1. size (0.004 mm)

Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks A.Clay (multiple meanings) 1. size (0.004 mm) 2. Mineralogy

Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks A.Clay (multiple meanings) 1. size (0.004 mm) 2. Mineralogy * kaolinite

Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks A.Clay (multiple meanings) 1. size (0.004 mm) 2. Mineralogy * kaolinite *illite

Sedimentary Rocks 1. size (0.004 mm) 2. Mineralogy * kaolinite *illite *montmorillonite

Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks A.Clay B.Quartz (SiO 2 ) “flint”, “chert”

High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz

Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks A.Clay B.Quartz C.Calcite (CaCO 3 )

Sedimentary Rocks II. Composition of Sed. Rocks A.Clay B.Quartz C.Calcite D.Other Minerals…..

Sedimentary Rocks III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks A. Detrital (Clastic)

Sedimentary Rocks III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks A.Detrital (Clastic) B.Chemical

Sedimentary Rocks III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks A.Detrital (Clastic) B.Chemical C.Biochemical

Sedimentary Rocks IV. Morphology (texture) A.Definition of texture: “the size and shape of the particle that make up the rock.”

Sedimentary Rocks IV. Morphology (texture) A.Definition of texture: “the size and shape of the particle that make up the rock.” B. Size

Wentworth Scale

Sedimentary Rocks IV. Morphology (texture) A.Definition of texture: “the size and shape of the particle that make up the rock.” B. Size C. Shape

Sedimentary Rocks C. Shape 1. Roundness

Sedimentary Rocks C. Shape 1. Roundness 2. Sphericity

Sedimentary Rocks IV. Morphology (texture) D. Maturity

Sedimentary Rocks V. Types of Sedimentary Rocks A.“The Model” for clastic rocks

A.“The Model”

B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks Breccia Conglomerate

B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks Arkose Graywacke Quartz Sandstone

B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks Siltstone Shale/Mudstone

C.Chemical and Biochemical Rocks Limestones Micrite Calcarenite

Limestones Chalk Coquina Fossiliferous

Limestones Oolitic

C.Chemical and Biochemical Rocks Limestones Dolomites

C.Chemical and Biochemical Rocks Chert Coal (Bituminous)

C.Chemical and Biochemical Rocks Evaporites (Halite and Gypsum)

Sedimentary Rocks VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

A. Bedding

Bedding

Sedimentary Rocks VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks A.Bedding B.Mud Cracks

Sedimentary Rocks VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks A.Bedding B.Mud Cracks C.Ripple Marks

Sedimentary Rocks VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks A.Bedding B.Mud Cracks C.Ripple Marks D.Cross Bedding

Sedimentary Rocks VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks A.Bedding B.Mud Cracks C.Ripple Marks D.Cross Bedding E.Graded Bedding

Sedimentary Rocks VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks A.Bedding B.Mud Cracks C.Ripple Marks D.Cross Bedding E.Graded Bedding F.Fossils