The Republic of Texas

Republic of Texas: approximately 376, 163 sq. miles Texas today: approximately 268, 601 sq. miles.

Who were the Presidents of the Republic of Texas?

David G. Burnet Served as the ad interim (temporary) president during the Texas Revolution in Served as the ad interim (temporary) president during the Texas Revolution in 1836.

Sam Houston (1 st popularly elected president of Texas) Texas debt was $ million Dismissed most of the Texas Army due to high financial cost Put tariffs on goods as a way to raise money

Sam Houston Replaced Army with Texas Rangers as a defensive force Wanted Texas annexation to the U.S. Couldn’t run for re- election. Texas Constitution= NO consecutive terms Chose Houston for the Republic’s capital

Houston Corner of Main St. & Texas Ave.

Summer 1838 TejanosNacogdoches had a large population of Tejanos AnglosMany Anglos move to East Texas after Revolution

Vicente Cordova (loyal to Mexico) forms alliance with Cherokee Indians to rebel against Texas Sam Houston tries to calm the situation Texas army/ Rangers stops rebellion A distrust of Tejanos & Indians in TexasImpact: A distrust of Tejanos & Indians in Texas

3 Candidates 3 Candidates Peter Grayson Peter Grayson James Collingsworth James Collingsworth Mirabeau B. Lamar Mirabeau B. Lamar Commited suicide Got drunk, accidently fell into Galveston Bay and drown. WINNER!

Mirabeau B. Lamar ( 2 nd elected President) D idn’t want Texas to be annexed Increased TX d dd debt from $3.3 million to $8 million Involved in establishing education system “ ““ “Father of Education in Texas” Chose A AA Austin as the site of the capital

Indians Did not trust or like Indians. After the Cordova Rebellion- Lamar wanted the Cherokees out of Texas. Cherokees refuse to leave. Sends soldiers to make them leave. Kill about 100 including Sam Houston’s friend Chief Bowles Sends soldiers to make them leave. Kill about 100 including Sam Houston’s friend Chief Bowles

Council House Fight March 19, 1840 release AngloComanche agreed release all Anglo captives in San Antonio Matilda LockhartReturned a girl- Matilda Lockhart (all messed up) Matilda told of other captives Texans attempt to hold Comanche leaders hostage until they bring all captives 735Fighting starts- 7 Texans & 35 Comanche are killed After the fight the Comanche kill many of their captives and make raids on Anglo settlements

Mary Maverick settler Early settler in Texas diary Recorded many of the important events of Texas in her diary Worked hard to make sure the history of Texas was preserved Worked hard to make sure the history of Texas was preserved Primary Primary Source

Texas Navy Lamar Lamar funds Texas Navy Edwin Moore Edwin Moore commands the entire Texas Navy (Commodore) Won many battles in the Gulf of Mexico Very costly; Sam Houston tried to sell during his second term

Jose Antonio Navarro Signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence Signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence Served in the Republic’s Congress & worked for Tejano rights Served in the Republic’s Congress & worked for Tejano rights Served as San Antonio’s Representative in the Texas Congress Served as San Antonio’s Representative in the Texas Congress Wanted Texas to be annexed by the U.S. Wanted Texas to be annexed by the U.S.

CherokeeCherokee Chief Made land treaties with the Republic of Texas Close friend of Sam Houston KilledLamarKilled when Lamar ordered Cherokee out of Texas & into Oklahoma

Republic Currency Debt is a huge problem. Debt is a huge problem. (Red backs pg 279 )

Santa Fe Expedition Rio Grande Texas claimed the Rio Grande as the border This included half of New Mexico Lamar Lamar sent soldiers to enforce this claim Soldiers were captured by Mexican soldiers Imprisoned in Mexico City – later released failure Expedition is a failure < 1,000 miles & took about 3 months

Texas Rangers protect  Established to protect Texans from Indian & Mexican attacks  Had to provide their own horses & equipment & had to live off the land (food) $25.00-$30.00 land grants  Payment- $25.00-$30.00 a month & land grants John ‘Jack’ Coffee Hayes  Best known (famous)  Best known (famous) Texas Ranger  Leader among the Rangers $150  Paid $150 a month

Houston & Lamar had different ideas about… NNNNative Americans DDDDebt & Spending AAAAnnexation EEEEducation Who do you think is more popular with Texans at the time?

Native Americans: Native Americans: Loved them Debt & Spending: Debt & Spending: Tried to decrease debt Annexation: Annexation: Wanted TX to be annexed. Education: Education: Did nothing to establish an education system in TX. Native Americans: Hated them Debt & Spending: Increased debt through government spending. Annexation: Didn’t want TX annexed. Education: Strong efforts to establish education system in TX. “The Father of Education.” HoustonLamar

Lamar/Houston Who would you have voted for?

Sam Houston (3 rd elected President) debtTried to decrease TX debt Wanted peaceful American Indian policies. Wanted annexedWanted TX to be annexed to the U.S.

Texas still had conflicts with Mexico. still had conflicts with Mexico.

Mier Expedition San Antonio  Mexicans attack San Antonio Sept  Texans attack Mexicans at Salado Creek. Mexicans retreat & take Texan prisoners  President Houston orders General Somervell & Texas militia to Rio Grande to recapture the prisoners. = Not enough troops to defeat the Mexicans. 3,000 Mexican soldiers  300 men disobey & invade Mexico at the small town of Mier = need supplies. 3,000 Mexican soldiers are there waiting.  A battle occurs ending in Texan surrender. March Texans back to Mexico City. 176 make it. Santa Anna orders every 10 th prisoner shot.

If they drew a… They Lived They Died The Texas prisoners were lined up & forced to draw a bean from a clay jar.

Eventually there was peace between Mexico & Texas After 2 years, only a handful of Texas prisoners were still alive to be released. British & U.S. diplomats urged Mexico to release prisoners.

Anson Jones th and last president of the Republic of TX. Successfully got TX annexed into the U.S.

December 29, 1845 Texas is Annexed into the U.S. becoming the 28 th State of the United States

Writing Assignment Who do you think the best president for the Republic of Texas was? – –Use at least 8 facts that you have learned to support your argument. – –Underline these facts.