DISCUSSING KEY TERMS  Lobby: to try to persuade a politician, the government or an official group that a particular thing should or should not happen, or that a law should be changed.  Lobbying: An effort to influence the policy process or an effort designed to affect what the government does. Organized Interest: An organization that engages in political activity; that is, activity designed to affect what the government does. Interest group: A voluntary associate of ‘joiners who share a common characteristics’ and ‘have a public policy focus.’

DISCUSSING KEY TERMS Lobbyist: A person who lobbies on behalf of an organized interests. Litigation: Taking legal action against companies or institutions. Demonstration: when a group of people march or stand together to show that they disagree with or support something or someone. Boycotts: Refusing to buy products and services from a targeted company to raise public awareness of a cause.

Business firms lobby government: Business firms are commercial enterprises that exist primarily to make money. Professional associations lobby government: the organization that represent the interests of people in a specific profession. Citizen groups lobby: a group of people who have the same interests lobby to fulfill their needs. 1 MANY TYPES OF ORGANIZED INTERESTS ENGAGE IN LOBBYING

Labor unions lobby: an organized group of workers join together for collective bargaining purpose. Governmental entities lobby: a group of a government service that lobby for their works and money. Think tanks lobby: is an institution that conduct and disseminates research to affect government decision. 1 MANY TYPES OF ORGANIZED INTERESTS ENGAGE IN LOBBYING

Charities lobby: are the organizations that exist primarily to help those in need. Universities and colleges lobby: for improving quality of education. Coalitions, Hospitals, and Churches… 2. Lobbying takes place at all levels of government  National, Town, and Local 1 MANY TYPES OF ORGANIZED INTERESTS ENGAGE IN LOBBYING

Legislative branch Doing a favor or provide gift to legislator Meeting personally with legislator Executive branch Meet personally with the chief executive and his or her aids. Lobbyist lobby the chief executive by interacting with special agencies or advisory office located within the chief executive office. Judicial branch Engaging in litigation Attempt to influence judicial selection Grassroots Arranging face to face meeting between group Engaging in , letter, so on Run an advertisement through media 3 LOBBYISTS HAVE A WIDE VARIETY OF LOBBYING TECHNIQUES AT THEIR DISPOSAL

–Political information: Political information about the status and prospect of a proposed or potential government decision. –Policy information: Political analytical information about the potential economics, social, and environmental consequence of a particular course of action. –Career-relevant information: Career relevant information about the implication of a particular course of action for a government official’s prospects of keeping and advancing in his or her job. 4 LOBBYING = PROVIDING INFORMATION

Institution is broadly defined as a nonmembership organized interest. The Free-Rider Problem: which refer the barrier of formation and survival of an organized interest. The purpose of Free-Rider Problem is attempt to raise enough money to hire a lobby. 5 INSTITUTIONS-ESPECIALLY BUSINESS FIRM

Monitoring: they monitor both the government and the activities of other organized interests and lobbyists. Interacting with clients: nonlobbying activity in which lobbyists engage. 6. LOBBYIST SPEND CONSIDERABLE TIME ON NONLOBBYING ACTIVITIES.

Lobbyists can be won or lost inevitably lead to the following question: what determines whether a lobbyist success or fail in getting what he or she want from government. 8. Lobbyists Are Neither Whores or Scoundrels Prostitution service sector and criminal to role as lobbyist 9.Most of lobbyists Are Well Educated, Well Paid, White, Male Professionals. The survey stating that most of lobbyist leaders are well educated and well paid. 7. LOBBYIST SOMETIME GET WHAT THEY WANT

KNOWLEDGE SHARING ACTIVITIES

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