Events Leading to the Civil War Slide notes:

Missouri Compromise 1820 Missouri admitted as a slave state Maine admitted as a free state Slavery banned in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30´, except Missouri

Nat Turner Slave Rebellion 1831 Nat Turner and six others used axes to kill 60 white men, women, and children White southerners retaliated and killed slaves Stricter laws were passed to prevent slaves from meeting with each other and to keep abolitionist ideas from being heard

Underground Railroad An organized group of abolitionists who helped slaves escape to freedom Harriet Tubman was the most famous conductor Helped many slaves to escape to Canada

Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state New Mexico and Utah territories opened to slavery Slave trade banned in Washington, D.C. Strict fugitive slave law passed

Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Laws Any person arrested as a runaway slave could be jailed with no rights to bail or jury Any citizen who helped a runaway slave could be fined or jailed as well

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe A novel about the horrors of slavery It made many people who had never been concerned about slavery before willing to speak out about it Broke all sales records Southerners felt it was ignorant propaganda (pg. 297 – CB)

Kansas-Nebraska Act Stephen A. Douglas wanted to build a railroad from Illinois west He wanted to organize the Nebraska Territory organized and open to settlers Two territories created – Kansas and Nebraska and said that they could decided for themselves if they wanted slavery (end of Missouri Compromise)

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

“Bleeding Kansas” Both people who supported slavery and those who opposed it went to Kansas Two competing governments were established 1856, 800 pro-slavery settlers attacked the anti-slavery government John Brown retaliated – people were killed on both sides (297 – CB)

“Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

“The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

Violence in Congress After arguing that Southerners were trying to make Kansas a slave state, Senator Charles Sumner was physically attacked by Senator Preston Brooks

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854  Northern Whigs.  Northern Democrats.  Free-Soilers.  Know-Nothings.  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.  (298 – CB)  Northern Whigs.  Northern Democrats.  Free-Soilers.  Know-Nothings.  Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.  (298 – CB)

Dred Scott Dred Scott was a Missouri slave who had lived in the free territory of Wisconsin. He sued in court for his freedom based on the argument that his time in Wisconsin had made him a free man

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

The Supreme Court’s decision African Americans are not citizens and cannot sue in court Slaves are property The 5 th Amendment Protects property – therefore Congress cannot ban slavery in any territory The Missouri Compromise (banned slavery) is unconstitutional Scott remained a slave under Missouri law Implications? Southern reaction? Northern?? (298 – CB)

Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignt y?

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Lincoln Douglas Debates Abraham Lincoln nominated by the Republicans to run for Illinois Senator Difference between “anti-slavery” and abolition? Pg CB Senator Stephen Douglas was his opponent Popular, Slavery = Popular Sovereignty and Freeport Doctrine They debated slavery in a series of 7 debates Douglas won the election Lincoln won national attention for the Republicans and himself

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20 c )

John Brown’s Raid John Brown was a radical abolitionists He organized a group of people to capture the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry and give the weapons to slaves so they could rebel Problems with his plan? He was caught and hanged People saw his actions as either a crazy man or a hero

Election of 1860 Page 299-CB

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election Results 1860 Election Results

1860 Presiden tial Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free- Soilers.  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know- Nothings”].  Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free- Soilers.  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know- Nothings”].  Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing- KY)

Secession!: SC  Dec. 20, 1860

Secession! Pg. 300-CB Who was first? Why? Next 6? The rest? Confederate States of America Notes

Lincoln’ First Inaugural Address Conciliatory yet firm Pg. 301 in cartoon book

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Ft. Sumter US MILITARY - SPLITS WHO GETS WHAT? IMPLICATIONS? ROBERT E. LEE FORTS… WHO DO THEY BELONG TO? Southerners opened fire on the federal fort, Fort Sumter in South Carolina They captured it after 36 hours This is the beginning of the Civil War