Understanding Social Institution Family, Marriage, Kinship Chapter iii Plus One Sociology Understanding Social Institution Family, Marriage, Kinship Prepared by: yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS Muttil, Wayanad E-mail: just4yaseer@gmail.com www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

What is institution? www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Something that works according to rules or customs. Institution Something that works according to rules or customs. It control on individuals It gives individual opportunities A social institution is a complex, integrated set of social norms, beliefs, values and relationships (functionalist view). It satisfy human needs www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

The important social institutions are : Family, Marriage and Kinship Politics Economics; Religion; and Education. family, marriage and kinship (informal) law, education, etc. (formal) www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Family, marriage and kinship Family is the basic unit of the society Simplest form of society Latin origin: ‘famulus’ and ‘familia’ –means servant and household. In ancient times, the family is a group of producers, slaves, servants and members by common descent or marriage. In modern times, the family is a durable association of husband and wife, with or without children. It is a group of persons united by marriage, blood or adoption. www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

the first function is to procreate and maintain the species. Functions of family the first function is to procreate and maintain the species. Affectional Economic functions Recreational functions Protective functions Religious functions and Educational functions. Socialization www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Human society cannot function without family. A child learns the norms and culture in the family Sociologist consider the family as the cornerstone of the society. It is universal, found in all communities. It is based on emotion and sentiments . It moulds the character of its members and influences the whole life of society. It is permanent www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

According to the functionalists: The family performs important tasks, which contribute to society’s basic needs and helps maintain social order. They argues that modern industrial societies function best if women look after the family and men earn the family livelihood. The nuclear family the best equipped unit to meet the demands of industrialised society. www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

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Female headed households Discussion Female headed households households Migration widows abroad www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Variation in family form Modern societies there is a shift from nuclear families to joint families . (A.M. Shah) www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Matriarchal family and Patriarchal family Rule of residence Authority and dominance Inheritance Family of orientation ( family of birth) and family of procreation (the family in which person is married) www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Family and Gender www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

The incidence of female foeticide has led to a sudden decline in the sex ratio. The percentage of decline in the child sex ratio is more alarming. The situation of prosperous states like Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra and western Utter Pradesh is all the more grave. In Punjab the child sex ratio has declined to 793 girls per 1,000 boys. In some of the districts of Punjab and Haryana it has fallen below 700. www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Types of Family Polygamous family Monogamous family Matriarchal family Patriarchal family www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Matriarchal Family/ Matrifocal Family: Matrilocal family: is a term referring to the societal system in which a married couple resides with or near the wife's parents. Matriarchal Family/ Matrifocal Family: refers to the mother or oldest female heads the family. Descent and relationship are determined through the female line.  Patriarchal Family/ Patrifocal Family: refers to males hold primary power, in the domain of the family, fathers or father-figures hold authority over women and children. Nuclear family:   consists of husband and wife and their children. Extended family:   ncludes grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

marriage Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, It is a socially or ritually recognized union or legal contract between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them It is the socially sanctioned sex relationship involving two or more people of the opposite sex. Men and women get social sanction to live together through the institution of the marriage. To control and regulate sex life of people It is universal www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

According to Mazumdar:- “Marriage as a socially sanctioned union of male and female”. Purpose of marriage Establishing household Entering in to sex relations Procreation Providing care for the offspring www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Forms of marriage www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com Marriage Monogamy Polygamy Polygyny Polyandry Endogamy Exogamy Arranged Marriage www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Polygyny Monogamy Polyandry www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Forms of Marriage Monogamy One person marries one women Most common form of marriage Polygamy One person marries more than one person of opposite sex at one time. Man can marries more than one women and Women can marries more than one men. Polygyny Polyandry One Men marries more than one Women Eg: Muslims, Hindu religions One women marries more than one men. Eg: Tibetans, Todas, Kotas tribes in India. www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

8 Forms of Marriage in Hindu Religion Brahma Marriage Daiva Marriage Arsha Marriage Prajapatya Marriage Gandharva Marriage Asura Marriage Rakshasa Marriage www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Serial Monogamy Individual can marry again on the death of first spouse or after divorce at the same time they cannot have more than one spouse. www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

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Arranged marriage In some societies parents or relatives arrange partners and the girl and boy has no choice. www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Rules of Endogamy and Exogamy Life partners can be selected only from within their group. Marrying a person from within one’s own group (cast, class, religion, tribe, village etc.) Exogamy Some one marries from outside the group Marriage form within group is not allowed Marriage between close blood-relation is not permitted. Exogamy brings people of different castes, races and religion together. www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Discussion based on News paper ads. Is endogamy Still prevalent? What changes in society do the ads reflect? www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

kinship It  is relatedness or connection by blood or marriage or adoption.  “the bond of blood or marriage which binds people together in group” Kinship bonds are very strong in tribal societies and rural communities. www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

Types of Kinship Affinal Kinship Consanguineous Kinship Kinship by Marriage When a man marries, he establishes a relationship not only with the women he marries but also with a number of other people in her family. Vise versa. Eg: Husband and Wife Father- in- law Mother- in- law Daughter- in- law Son –in-law 2. Consanguineous Kinship Relation by blood or common ancestry. The bond between parents and their children www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com

E-mail: just4yaseer@gmail.com The end…. Thanks Prepared by: yaseer PK (Hsst. Sociology), WOVHSS Muttil, Wayanad E-mail: just4yaseer@gmail.com www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com www.yaseerhsst.blogspot.com