James L. Roark Michael P. Johnson Patricia Cline Cohen Sarah Stage Susan M. Hartmann CHAPTER 19 The City and its Workers, The American Promise A History of the United States Fifth Edition Copyright © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's

I. The Rise of the City A. The Urban Explosion: A Global Migration 1. Urbanization 2. Geographic mobility 3. Large-scale immigration 4. Change in immigrant demographics

I. The Rise of the City B. Racism and the Cry for Immigration Restriction 1. Divisions of labor 2. Racial distinctions 3. African American migrants 4. Chinese immigrants 5. White Americans’ perceptions of “new” immigrants

I. The Rise of the City C. The Social Geography of the City 1. The new look of the city 2. Race and ethnicity in the city 3. How the Other Half Lives 4. The excesses of the wealthy

II. At Work in Industrial America A. America’s Diverse Workers 1. Common laborers 2. Skilled craftsmen 3. Mechanization 4. Women workers B. The Family Economy: Women and Children 1. Life of poverty 2. Family economy 3. Child labor 4. Working wives

II. At Work in Industrial America C. White-Collar Workers: Managers, “Typewriters,” and Salesclerks 1. Management 2. Women enter the white-collar workforce 3. New consumer culture

III. Workers Organize A. The Great Railroad Strike of Economic depression 2. A nationwide railroad strike 3. Federal intervention 4. Ramifications

III. Workers Organize B. The Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor 1. Organizing America’s working class 2. Workers’ democracy 3. Position on strikes 4. Organizing skilled workers

III. Workers Organize C. Haymarket and the Specter of Labor Radicalism 1. The eight-hour workday 2. The May Day rally 3. The McCormick strike 4. Haymarket bombing 5. Labor backlash

IV. At Home and at Play A. Domesticity and “Domestics” 1. The cult of domesticity 2. Hiring domestic help 3. Servant resentment 4. Benefitting the middle class B. Cheap Amusements 1. Working-class leisure 2. Changing gender roles 3. The rise of baseball 4. Coney Island and commercialization

V. City Growth and City Government A. Building Cities of Stone and Steel 1. New skylines 2. Public works projects 3. Improving the landscape 4. Comprehensive education 5. Uneven benefits

V. City Growth and City Government B. City Government and the “Bosses” 1. City bosses 2. Political machines 3. Challenging machine rule 4. “The Shame of the Cities” C. White City or City of Sin? 1. The World’s Columbian Exposition 2. The image of the White City