EBOOKS & ESERIALS AT THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS THERON WESTERVELT, LOC TO LEAD TO LEARNING, NOT TO MADNESS

WORDS OF WISDOM Books have led some to learning and others to madness, when they swallow more than they can digest Petrarch

MISSION OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS “…a rich, diverse, and enduring source of knowledge that can be relied upon to inform, inspire, and engage them, and support their intellectual and creative endeavors” This has been accomplished through the creation of a collection of creative works of unparalleled depth and breadth

LIBRARY’S COLLECTION

MISSION OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Nothing in the Library’s mission statement allows the Library to ignore content simply because it is digital

LIBRARY’S COLLECTION

GROWTH IN EBOOKS Data from Books In Print eBooks published

New serials GROWTH IN ESERIALS Data from Ulrichsweb

MOVEMENT FROM PRINT TO ONLINE

NATURAL PROGRESSION PRINT TO DIGITAL Print books and serials start their lives as digital files Tipping point came in the mid-1980’s Since then, most print books and serials are print-outs of digital books and serials With the advent of technology such as the World Wide Web and e-readers, tablets, etc., books and serials can be distributed easily to consumers without a print copy

NATURAL PROGRESSION LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Building upon existing established means of acquisition of print books and serials Copyright Mandatory Deposit -eDeposit for eSerials Cataloging In Publication Program - eBook Program

EDEPOSIT FOR ESERIALS Building on past practice Under Mandatory Deposit provisions of Copyright Law, Library is entitled to two copies of any work published or widely distributed in the US Works published online only are exempt from mandatory deposit under the Copyright Law In February 2010, this exception was lifted for serials published online only – if demanded specifically by the Library A Notice of Intent was published in May as the first step in expanding this to include eBooks and digital sound recordings

EDEPOSIT FOR ESERIALS Results to date Demands have been issued to 31 publishers for 2,144 serial titles Over 27,000 individual issues of eSerials added to collection In FY 2015, 15% of all serial issues acquired for Library under terms of Copyright Law were e-serials

CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION EBOOK PROGRAM Building on past practice For forty years, the Cataloging in Publication program offers cataloging metadata to publishers for books in advance of their publication In return, the Library receives one copy of each of the books upon publication In 2012, the Library offered to extend this service to eBook versions of print books, starting with a select few pilot publishers

CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION EBOOK PROGRAM Results to date 198 publishers have signed up to participate in the eBook program 24 publishers have provided eBook content for the Library’s collection so far In FY 2015, the Library received 4,244 eBooks

DIFFERENCES IN THIS NATURAL PROGRESSION Variety of file formats Major variation in print material is paper quality E.g., is the paper acidic or acid-free Files with as many as 87 different file extensions have been delivered through eDeposit so far Even though there are certain predominant file formats, there is still enough variety to require different handling For example, CIP receives its content simply in ePUB and PDF, but they each require their own viewers and management

DIFFERENCES IN THIS NATURAL PROGRESSION Delivery of content Long established for print: post, private delivery companies, in person Files do not need this, but they need something File upload through web interface File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) Push v Pull

RESPONDING TO THE DIFFERENCES SOFTWARE Developing receipt mechanisms eCO Front Door Signiant Media Exchange SFTP transfers from publishers Investment in software development Content Transfer Services Delivery Management Services

RESPONDING TO THE DIFFERENCES MANAGING VARIETY Recommended Formats Statement Overall, serve as a set of the preferred physical and technical characteristics of creative formats – both analog and digital Establish a discrete set of file formats which are preferred for ensuring preservation and long-term access Inform the Library’s acquisitions practices Encourage use by all others involved with creative works, especially publishers and vendors Creating realistic parameters for creativity which will last

RESPONDING TO THE DIFFERENCES WORKING WITH PUBLISHERS Adapting existing relationships Developing terms of agreement for CIP specifically for eBooks Special Relief Agreements: receiving electronic in lieu of print Developing new relationships Approved agents for deposit Engaging with aggregators delivering for CIP

CHALLENGES AT HAND INCREASING SCALE Match acquisition of print publications Print serial issues received via copyright in FY ,820 Print books received via CIP in FY ,710

CHALLENGES AT HAND INCREASING SCALE Acquire more content in more ways Print books received via Copyright in FY ,052 Print books and print serials purchased in FY ,076

CHALLENGES AT HAND INCREASING SCALE Look beyond America Even Copyright and CIP include international publishing houses: Walter De Gruyter, Elsevier Springer, etc. Library of Congress has always invested heavily in the acquisition of foreign works And built relationships with foreign publishers Casalini Garcia-Cambeiro

CHALLENGES AT HAND PROVIDING ACCESS What does ‘Access’ mean for digital works? You can read it? Where? On what device? Does it require the ability to download an item? How do we protect the rights of the creators? Creativity requires sustenance No libraries without authors and publishers Managing access to eBooks and eSerials requires balancing the needs of our patrons with the needs of authors and publishers

LEADING TO LEARNING These are still the early days of eBooks and eSerials – and the challenges faced by one are faced by all: Libraries, Authors, Publishers, Vendors, etc. By dialogue and by sharing our various expertise, our commonality of interest will succeed in making the system of the creation, publication, distribution, preservation and use of eBooks and eSerials work

WHY THIS MATTERS This book, which would enflame a heart of ice, must set your ardent soul on fire Petrarch

QUESTIONS? Theron Westervelt Library of Congress