Immune Response

Nonspecific Immune Response Inflammation –Swelling, redness, pain, itching, warmth –Histamines cause the blood vessels to spread open WBCs squeeze out of the bloodstream –WBCs attack the pathogen

Blood stream phagocyte bacteria phagocyte

Nonspecific Immune Response Fever –Chemicals cause the hypothalamus to increase body temp –Stimulates interferon production Prevents virus reproduction –Increases rate of WBC maturity

Specific Immune Response Body must be able to identify its own cells Antigens: proteins markers on the surface of pathogens (uniforms) Immunity: body produces memory cells to “remember” specific antigens

pathogen phagocyte Area 1: Phagocyte engulfs the pathogen via phagocytosis

Area 2: Antigens from the pathogen are displayed on cell membrane phagocyte Antigen displaying phagocyte

Area 1: Phagocyte engulfs the pathogen via phagocytosis Area 2: Antigens from the pathogen are displayed on cell membrane Area 3: T-cell binds to the antigen displaying phagocytes –Enzymes activate the T- cell Antigen displaying phagocyte T cellActivated T cell

Area 1: Phagocyte engulfs the pathogen via phagocytosis Area 2: Antigens from the pathogen are displayed on cell membrane Area 3: T-cell binds to the antigen displaying phagocytes –Enzymes activate the T- cell T-cell divides into: –Memory T-cells –Activated T-cells Activated T cell

Memory T cell Activated T cellMemory T cell Activated T cellMemory T cell Activated T-cells: used to fight the current pathogen Memory T-Cells: Reserve cells to be used at a later date if the pathogen returns

Area 4: Activated T-cells bind to the infected body cell Infected body cell bursts Activated T cell Infected body cell showing antigens

Area 1: Pathogen binds to the antibody of a B- cell Antigen breaks off the pathogen Inactivated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y pathogen

Area 1: Pathogen binds to the antibody of a B- cell Antigen breaks off the pathogen Area 2: T-cell binds to the antigen presenting B cell T-cell releases proteins to activate the B-cell Area 3: B-cell multiplies into two groups: –Memory B-cells –Activated B-cells Inactivated Antigen Presenting B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y T cell Activated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y

Activated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Activated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Activated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Activated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Activated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Activated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Area 1: Pathogen binds to the antibody of a B- cell Antigen breaks off the pathogen Area 2: T-cell binds to the antigen presenting B cell T-cell releases proteins to activate the B-cell Area 3: B-cell multiplies into two groups: –Memory B-cells –Activated B-cells

Activated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Activated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Memory B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Memory B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Activated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Memory B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Memory B-cells: Reserve cells to be used at a later date if the pathogen returns Activated B-Cells: used to fight the current pathogen

Area 4: Activated B-cells produce antibodies specific to the pathogen’s antigens Pathogens clump together Area 5: Destroyed by phagocytes Activated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Activated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y Activated B cell Y Y Y Y Y Y pathogen Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Phagocyte (white blood cell)

Khan Academy: Humoral Immunity

Kobe Kuiz 1)Name 2 non-specific immune system responses. 2)What’s the purpose of histamines? 3)What are 2 positive side effects of a fever? 4)What are phagocytes called that show foreign antigens on their surface? 5)What type of cells are created by cellular immunity? 6)What do T cells attack during cellular immunity? 7)What type of cells are created during humoral immunity? 8)What do B cells release to fight infection? 9)Which statement is true of humoral immunity? 1)T cells activate B cells. 2)B cells activate T cells