China, Japan, (South) Korea, (North) Korea, (Taiwan,) Mongolia GEO317 – East Asia China, Japan, (South) Korea, (North) Korea, (Taiwan,) Mongolia

Three Major Geographic Qualities China’s rocky 20th century China’s meteoric economic rise China’s uneven development

Population Cartogram

Size and Latitude Comparison China = USA in area

Physiographic Regions

China’s Rocky 20th Century See textbook pp. 514-518, 525, 528 Civil War Communism (Mao) victorious - 1950 The Great Leap Forward (industrialization at the expense of agriculture) and Great Cultural Revolution (kill all Mao’s enemies) = 60 million deaths! Command economy Regional self-sufficiency=Inefficiency Mao died 1976 Deng Xiaoping’s market reforms begin 1978 with significant geographic implications “Crossing the river by feeling the stones” Tiananmen Square 1989 Video clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJBnHMpHGRY&feature=related One child policy Enforcement? Abortions/Sterilization Infanticide 119 boys for every 100 girls Mao Zedong Deng Xiaoping

China in the 21st Century Autocratic government Press censorship; internet filter Tibet 2008 Just beginning to “experiment” with elections! Human resource = 1.3 billion! Natural resources limited - Africa Relaxing the one child policy? One dog policy! Economic Growth Free(?) market Consumerism Might be world’s largest economy in 2016 72% of U.S. shoes 80% of U.S. toys What has caused China’s meteoric rise?

Globalization What is it? Australian aborigines Globalization What is it? China’s rapid advance not possible without it. Internal vs. world markets Foreign investment Freedom of movement = lower friction of distance Transnational corporations Where are clothes made? Where are Toyotas made? Pudong, China

Globalization Disneyland Hong Kong Masai herder in Tanzania

Development contrasts See textbook pp. 519-529 Regional contrasts E.g., per capita GDP in Guangdong = 5x Guizhou Rural – urban contrasts What forces drive China’s rapid and geographically uneven development? Shanghai Yichang

What accounts for spatially uneven development in China? Hong Kong Macau Globalization Coast easiest access to world markets Policy changes = capitalism Decentralized economic decision-making Household responsibility system of agriculture (1978) profit motive/self-interest (e.g. apples vs. grain) China goes from famine to food exports urban demand increases rural incomes Encourage regional specialization = income disparity “To get rich is glorious” = gov’t advancing business interests over common man!? SARs What is “special” about them?

China’s Pacific Rim See textbook pp. 519-529 SEZs (1979) = Export processing zones What is “special” about them? Open costal cities (1984) Foreign investments Lowered trade barriers Infrastructure/services Hong Kong, Macau investment into mainland China Domestic advantages Employment Local linkages Experiment with capitalism Steal technology Disadvantages Low wages at first, rising, then too high? Pollution Squeezed by competition