Bell Ringer: If pyramids were the preferred architecture for tombs in the Old Kingdom, what was it for the New Kingdom? Using the Timeline on pgs & answer the following questions.  How many years passed between the development of the first city-states in Mesopotamia and the formation of Egypt’s Old Kingdom?  What famous code of laws was developed in 1792 BCE?  About how many years passed between the development of Egypt’s Old Kingdom and the New Kingdom?  Between which two empires did the Nubian King of Kush conquer Egypt?  Homework:  Read pgs Questions #3-8 Due: tomorrow

 How many years passed between the development of the first city-states in Mesopotamia and the formation of Egypt’s Old Kingdom?  340 years  What famous code of laws was developed in 1792 BCE?  Hammurabi’s Code  About how many years passed between the development of Egypt’s Old Kingdom and the New Kingdom?  1,090 years  Between which two empires did the Nubian King of Kush conquer Egypt?  Assyrian and Persian Empires

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 Marked by King Narmer uniting Upper and Lower Egypt  Beginning of dynasties (rulers from one family)  Great pyramid building during flood season  Great pyramid of Giza  Mummification and medical advancements  Advancement of hieroglyphics and papyrus

 The First Illness  Drought, Famine, Weakness, Turmoil  Nobles and officials weaned power from the Pharaohs  Civil war tore Egypt apart  Pharaohs could not please gods

 Strong Pharaohs restored power  Public Works  Canal from Nile to Red Sea  Improved irrigation ditches drained the delta  Creates more farmland

 The Second Illness  Egypt weakened by internal wars  1640 B.C. Egypt conquered by the Hyksos  Hyksos ruled Egypt for 100 years  Hyksos rulers were despised by Egyptians  Brought new technology  Bronze, Chariots, New Bows  Hebrews migrate into Egypt during Hyksos rule  obtained high positions of honor  Hyksos driven out around 1600 B.C. by Queen Ahhotep, then pharaoh Kamose.  Hebrews enslaved until the Exodus

 Transition from civilization to an empire  Warlike pharaohs & professional army  Hatsheput BCE  First true female pharaoh  Encouraged trade over war  Murdered by stepson  Massive funeral temple

 Hatshepsut’s step son who may have murdered her for the throne  The warrior pharaoh  East – Invades and conquers Syria and Palestine  South – Dominates Nubia  Gained access to many new resources  Cultural diffusion

 Ends expansion / Pharaoh Ramses II makes truce with Hittites  Akhenaton  Became Pharaoh around 1375 B.C.  Was monotheist – only believed in the sun god Aton  Attempted to limit the power of priests  New kingdom priests wealthier than the pharaoh  New capital at Akhetaton

 Boy Pharaoh – only 8 or 9 when he became king  Returned Egypt to polytheism  Capital moved back to Thebes  Priests rewarded him with much treasure

 An age of Builders  Valley of the Kings  Ramses II  Ruled 67 years, died at 99, & fathered 150 children  Temple of Amon at Karnak  Abu Simbel Temple  Video