Lecture 1: GEOL330/634 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text (Emerson and Hedges) 4. Course.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Carbon Theme Report and Implementation 23 April April 2004 Tokyo, Japan Berrien Moore III Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space University.

Advertisements

Ocean Biogeochemistry (C, O 2, N, P) Achievements and challenges Nicolas Gruber Environmental Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland. Using input from.

Climate Change and the Oceans

Global Carbon Cycle Sabine et al. (2004) SCOPE Ocean sequester ~30% of fossil fuel CO 2 Human perturbations overlay large natural background C cycle Climate.

Carbonate System and pH

Carbon Cycle. Carbon Carbonic acid ( HCO 3 − ) Carbonate rocks (limestone and coral = CaCO 3 ) Deposits of Fossil fuels Carbon exists in the nonliving.

Carbon Cycle. Carbon Carbon exists in the nonliving environment as: Carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbonic acid ( HCO 3 − ) Carbonate rocks (limestone and coral.

Ocean Circulation And Current Carbon Cycle For more detail see the course materials for Lynne Talley’s Course at SIO.

Carbon Dioxide Simulator Data from: 1.

Lecture 10: Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Ocean Distributions Controls on Distributions What is the distribution of CO 2 added to the ocean? See Section 4.4.

2. Land-Use Change (primarily tropical deforestation) 1. Burning of fossil fuels How Are We Increasing the CO 2 Concentration?

The Ocean’s Role in the Carbon Cycle in Relation to Increased Atmospheric CO 2 Paul Loikith.

Properties of Seawater Monday we talked about properties of water (Table 7.2) - dissolves solids and gases readily (“universal solvent”) Last time (Wednesday)

Determining the magnitude and variability of the anthropogenic CO 2 uptake rate by the oceans. Dick Feely (NOAA/PMEL/JISAO) Chris Sabine (NOAA/PMEL/JISAO)

This Week—Tropospheric Chemistry READING: Chapter 11 of text Tropospheric Chemistry Data Set Analysis.

The Anthropogenic Ocean Carbon Sink Alan Cohn March 29, 2006

Lecture 1: OCN520 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray.

Effects of global warming on the world’s oceans Ashley A. Emerson.

The uptake, transport, and storage of anthropogenic CO 2 by the ocean Nicolas Gruber Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & IGPP, UCLA.

Where has all the Carbon Gone? Atmospheric oxygen, carbon fluxes and the implications for climate change. Mark Battle (Bowdoin College) Michael Bender.

GEOF236 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (HØST 2012) Christoph Heinze University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Prof. in.

Impact of GHG Regulations and Controls on Global Warming James E. Norris Senior Environmental Consultant, Hargrove Engineers + Constructors Adjunct Professor,

Global Warming Fact and Fiction. Some Critical Findings Global temperatures have increased C the past 100 years Global temperatures have increased.

Ocean Carbon Cycle Figure credit US-OCB Program.

The NH Climate Action Plan The Transportation and Land Use Connection Strafford Region Planning Commission May 28, 2009 Thomas S. Burack Commissioner NH.

Global Megacycles and Trends: Setting the Agenda for 21 st Century Science Emerging Issues: Berrien Moore III University of New Hampshire New Challenges.

Ocean Acidification Victoria J. Fabry and Andrew G. Dickson

The Other Carbon Dioxide Problem Ocean acidification is the term given to the chemical changes in the ocean as a result of carbon dioxide emissions.

Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming Greenhouse Effect Key Factors Earth-Sun Temperature Differences Greenhouse Gas Concentrations The atmosphere is.

The Chemical Composition of Seawater Winn Johnson 25 August 2015 Regional Maritime University.

The latest science on the climate change challenge David Karoly, Univ of Melbourne TC Larry, 2006 From Bureau of Meteorology.

The Global Effort to Understand Carbon Dioxide James R. Mahoney, Ph.D. Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere NOAA Deputy Administrator.

SAILING INTO A SEA OF EXCITEMENT: An Earth System Perspective on Marine Research in the Next Decade Will Steffen Executive Director, IGBP Royal Swedish.

Global connections between aeolian dust, climate and ocean biogeochemistry at the present day and at the last glacial maximum Maher et al., 2010, Earth-Science.

The Carbon Cycle within the Oceans Allyn Clarke With much help from Ken Denman, Glen Harrison and others.

Working Group 3: What aspects of coastal ecosystems are significant globally? Coastal Zone Impacts on Global Biogeochemistry NCAR, June 2004 Contributed.

UDnFmNTYhttps:// UDnFmNTY gmFa0r04https://

Investigating the Carbon Cycle in Terrestrial Ecosystems (ICCTE) A joint program between: The University of New Hampshire, USA AND Charles University,

13,000 km 3 15,300,000 km 3 1,350,000,000 km 3 71,000 km 3 33,000,000 km 3 425,000 km 3 40,000 km 3.

WORLDRESOURCESINSTITUTE Data Source: C.D. Keeling and T.P. Whorf, Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations (ppmv) derived from in situ air samples collected at Mauna.

Data Source: C.D. Keeling and T.P. Whorf, Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations (ppmv) derived from in situ air samples collected at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii,

Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text.

CO 2 and Climate Change. Lisiecki & Raymo,

ESYS 10 Introduction to Environmental Systems February 28

Lecture 11 Principles of Mass Balance Simple Box Models The modern view about what controls the composition of sea water.

1 UIUC ATMOS 397G Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change Lecture 1: An Introduction Don Wuebbles Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois,

Chapter 6 The Carbon Cycle © 2013 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. From Fundamentals of Ecosystem Science, Weathers, Strayer, and Likens (eds).

Goal of this course: What determines the abundance of different elements in the ocean? How does their distribution depend on physical circulation and biological.

Core Theme 5 – WP 17 Overview on Future Scenarios - Update on WP17 work (5 european modelling groups : IPSL, MPIM, Bern, Bergen, Hadley) - Strong link.

Finzi Born Finzi Graduates High School Finzi Teaches First BU Course Source:

Greenhouse Gas: Carbon Dioxide Thuan, Marko. Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Colorless & odorless gas Ice Age (400 kyBCE) ppm Preindustrial (1700s)

© 2008 W. H. Freeman and Company

the “natural” carbon cycle speciation of CO2 in seawater

Mobile Energy Centre. Raw materials Production Distribution Use Phase Disposal Re-use Raw materials Production Distribution Use.

Oceans & Anthropogenic CO 2 V.Y. Chow EPS 131.  CO 2 exchange across sea surfaces in the oceans  Measurement methods of anthropogenic CO 2  Distributions.

Schematic framework of anthropogenic climate change drivers, impacts and responses to climate change, and their linkages (IPCC, 2007).

Carbon Cycle Ocean Systems.

Carbonate System and pH Why study the carbonate system? Why study the carbonate system? Involves carbonic acid – an example of an acid-base reaction Involves.

CO2 and Climate Change.

Pre-anthropogenic C cycle and recent perturbations

INSTRUCTOR © 2017, John R. Fanchi

Carbon cycle theme The Earth’s carbon cycle has a stabilizing mechanism against sudden addition of CO2 to the atmosphere About 50% of carbon emission is.

The Carbon Cycle.

משאב אוויר עד כמה חיוני האוויר לחיינו ?????? גוף האדם- מסוגל להתקיים:

Reconstructed Temperature data from the Vostok Ice Core in Antarctica

CO2 Concentration (ppm)

GLOBE Carbon Cycle: The Carbon Cycle

Chapter 11 The Global Carbon Cycle

Chapter 19 Global Change.

(a) Global CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion, cement manufacture, and gas flaring and global population, 1800 – 2014 (sources: carbon emissions.

Presentation transcript:

Lecture 1: GEOL330/634 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text (Emerson and Hedges) 4. Course web site: http: // // 5. Themes for course 6. What do we want students to be able to do? 7. How will we know what they can do? Problem Sets (7), Paper Discussions (7), Mid-Term (1) 8. Course Activities / Materials 9. Greatest Challenges for Students

Four Main Themes 1.Global Carbon Cycle 2.Are humans changing the chemistry of the ocean? 3.What are chemical controls and tracers for biological production? 4. What is the fate of organic matter made by biological production?

Global Carbon Cycle

Sabine et al. (2004) SCOPE Reservoirs and Fluxes

Mauna Loa CO 2 record – Started by David Keeling (SIO) NOAA-ERL Data Latest CO 2 Reading ppm July, 2014

Source of anthropogenic CO 2

Source: C. D. Keeling and T. P. Whorf; Etheridge et.al.; Barnola et.al.; (PAGES / IGBP); IPCC (BP 1950) Projected (2100) Current (2001) CO 2 Concentration (ppmv) Vostok Record Law Dome Record Mauna Loa Record IPCC IS92a Scenario

Carbon Tracker Atmospheric CO2 from 800,000 years ago to the present

Are Humans Changing the Composition of the Ocean? Yes, in may ways! Examples include: Ocean Acidification Lead and Mercury distributions Nitrate distributions Fukushima radionuclides

Because the ocean mixes slowly, half of the anthropogenic CO 2 stored in the oceans is found in the upper 10% of the ocean. Sabine et al. Science (2004) Global Anthropogenic CO 2 Inventory = 118±19 Pg C

Chemistry, Biology and Circulation

Nitrate concentrations High Nutrient-Low Chlorophyll regions:

Fate of Organic Matter

Source: JGOFS / IGBP CO 2 Preindustrial CO2: maximum strength bio pump: 160 ppm Preindustrial CO2: Physical pump alone: 400 ppm Oceanic Primary Production: Sept. 97 – Aug. 98 CO 2 Biological PumpPhysical (solubility) Pump