Civil Rights Movement I Have A dream The March on Washington

A. Philip Randolph Founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters 1925 (BSCP) Founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters 1925 (BSCP) BSCP first labor union for black rail way workers BSCP first labor union for black rail way workers Worked for labor as well as civil rights Worked for labor as well as civil rights

1941 Onset of WWII White Americans were emerging from the depression. Onset of WWII White Americans were emerging from the depression. Black Americans were still unemployed and underpaid. Black Americans were still unemployed and underpaid Randolph organized a march on Washington demanding more jobs for blacks in the defense industry 1941 Randolph organized a march on Washington demanding more jobs for blacks in the defense industry

FDR and Executive order 8802 Day of the March President Franklin Delano Roosevelt met with Randolph and asked him to call off march Day of the March President Franklin Delano Roosevelt met with Randolph and asked him to call off march Order 8802 “there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color or national origin.” Order 8802 “there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color or national origin.”

1963 Good jobs for African Americans still hard to find. Good jobs for African Americans still hard to find. 11% of African Americans unemployed compared to 5% of Whites 11% of African Americans unemployed compared to 5% of Whites Average income of black family $3,500 Average income of white family $6,500 Average income of black family $3,500 Average income of white family $6,500 Randolph decides it is time to march again. Enlist the help of Bayard Rustin Randolph decides it is time to march again. Enlist the help of Bayard Rustin

Bayard Rustin Influential leader for civil rights Influential leader for civil rights Planned 1 st march on Washington with Randolph Planned 1 st march on Washington with Randolph Member of FOR (Fellowship Of Reconciliation) and CORE Congress of racial equality Member of FOR (Fellowship Of Reconciliation) and CORE Congress of racial equality

Rustin Continued Worked with American Friends Service Committee in 1942 to protect property of Japanese interment survivors Worked with American Friends Service Committee in 1942 to protect property of Japanese interment survivors Encouraged Dr. King to implement Gandhi's approach to civil disobedience and non-violent protest. Encouraged Dr. King to implement Gandhi's approach to civil disobedience and non-violent protest. Open homosexual Rustin was often keep behind the scene. Open homosexual Rustin was often keep behind the scene. Q: How does the treatment of Rustin reflect boundaries of civil rights? Is this relevant today? Q: How does the treatment of Rustin reflect boundaries of civil rights? Is this relevant today?

Planning Randolph and Rustin met with civil rights leaders to propose the march. Randolph and Rustin met with civil rights leaders to propose the march. Goals of march Goals of march Passage of the Civil Rights Act Passage of the Civil Rights Act Integration of public schools by year end Integration of public schools by year end Enactment of fair employment practices bill, prohibiting discrimination Enactment of fair employment practices bill, prohibiting discrimination Demand for job training and placement. Demand for job training and placement.

Kennedy and the Civil Rights Act Kennedy sent long awaited Civil Rights Act to congress in June of 1963 He wanted the march called off for fear it would jeopardize the Bill Didn’t want Congress to see African Americans gathering in large numbers. blacks needed to be “unthreatening”

“Unthreatening” Why would a march on Washington be threatening? Why would a march on Washington be threatening? Who would be threatened? Who would be threatened? Is there concern for Violence? Is there concern for Violence? When leaders refused to stop the march Kennedy gave his endorsement When leaders refused to stop the march Kennedy gave his endorsement

PASS THE BILL August ,was the date set for the March on Washington August ,was the date set for the March on Washington The theme of the march was “Pass the Bill” The theme of the march was “Pass the Bill” Organizers now the task of orginizing the arrival of possible 100,000 people. Organizers now the task of orginizing the arrival of possible 100,000 people. How do you feed them? Bathrooms? Medical Care? How do you feed them? Bathrooms? Medical Care? Rustin took care of all the logistics Rustin took care of all the logistics

Instead of 100,000 people, they had 250, ,000 of them were white. It was not a march displaying Black solidarity but one of racial unity. Instead of 100,000 people, they had 250, ,000 of them were white. It was not a march displaying Black solidarity but one of racial unity. They arrived on busses, trains, and car pools. One group of people walked from New York They arrived on busses, trains, and car pools. One group of people walked from New York

The march had musical performances, as well as speeches. Some of those present were Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Odetta Mahalia, and Peter Paul and Mary

I Have A Dream The key note speaker was civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. His “I Have a Dream” speech was heard by millions of Americans and is one of the most powerful addresses in American history

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What is a Metaphor A figure of speech in which a word for one idea or thing is used in place of another to suggest a likeness between them A figure of speech in which a word for one idea or thing is used in place of another to suggest a likeness between them Example: The ship plows the sea Example: The ship plows the sea “one hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity” “one hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity”

Activity Get into groups of Six Get into groups of Six Each group will have a section of “I have a dream” speech Each group will have a section of “I have a dream” speech Each group will read through their section, underline at least three metaphors. Each group will read through their section, underline at least three metaphors. Using previous knowledge on civil rights history and American history each group will define their underline metaphors. Using previous knowledge on civil rights history and American history each group will define their underline metaphors.

Each group will present to the class their section of the speech, the metaphors they identified, and their interpretations of them. Each group will present to the class their section of the speech, the metaphors they identified, and their interpretations of them.

The march on Washington demonstrated for America that the civil rights movement was not just a movement for Black Americans but for all Americans. For one day 250,000 Americans stood at the steps of the Lincoln memorial and illustrated their determination and dedication to civil rights for all The march on Washington demonstrated for America that the civil rights movement was not just a movement for Black Americans but for all Americans. For one day 250,000 Americans stood at the steps of the Lincoln memorial and illustrated their determination and dedication to civil rights for all

18 days later 16 th Street Baptist Church was bombed in Birmingham Alabama 18 days later 16 th Street Baptist Church was bombed in Birmingham Alabama Four girls ages 11 and 14 were killed in the blast Four girls ages 11 and 14 were killed in the blast That same day in Birmingham police shot and kill a one black man and severely beat another. That same day in Birmingham police shot and kill a one black man and severely beat another. the march on Washington was a shinning moment in the movement, but the battle was far form over. the march on Washington was a shinning moment in the movement, but the battle was far form over.

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