Contents Word News Briefings Details of the issues: ECS, SCS Nine Dash Line 南海九段线 Factors of UNCLOS Different perspectives Questions

World News China’s President, Xi Jinping, Gains a New Title: Commander in Chief - commander-chief-n Question: in this case, we always have the same arrangement with the US, our president is also the commander in chief in military, why did the foreign media have ever made the news titles that is indicating further control of power? Taliban in Afghanistan Q: How do you regard this explosion issue happened in Kabul? White House: Obama 'cleared the air' with Saudi Arabia Q: How will the trip affect U.S.-Saudi tensions in your perspective? Japan set to pass security bills despite widespread protests - protests intv.cnn Q: is the new bill Japanese abandoning of its“pacifism”?

East China Sea (ECS) Diaoyudao event: China's Diaoyu-Senkaku Islands Air Defense Fun Zone! - 5min Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands (location, natural resources): NEWSNIGHT: Japanese and Chinese ambassadors on island dispute - 9min East China Sea ADIZ (Air defense identification zone): Two US B-52 bombers enter China's ADIZ - 3min China: If Japan can have ADIZ, why can't China? 2min

South China Sea (SCS) South China Sea (location, natural resources): 10 South China Sea Dispute Facts - 8min Military/civilian bases built by China in the South China Sea: Rare look at China's artificial island-building project 4min How far should U.S. go in South China Sea territory dispute? - 7minhttps:// Claims over the names of the sea: Philippines - China Scarborough Shoal and Mischief Reef Arbitration - 1h

Claimants in SCS What does China want? tch?v=SscQBrJbiN0 4min tch?v=SscQBrJbiN0 National integrity-> Both international and domestic turmoil..

Nine Dash Line 南海九段线 Origin: An early map titled "Map of South China Sea Islands” showing a U-shaped eleven-dash line was published in the then Republic of China on 1st December Two of the dashes in the Gulf of Tonkin were later removed at the behest of Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai, reducing the total to nine. Meaning: 1. Legacy of the predecessor for Chinese to realize the Great Chinese Rejuvenation ( 实现中华民族伟大复兴 ). Chinese nation’s bright prospect on the road to revival -- President Hu Jingtao 2. Touched China’s core interest: Matter of national integrity 3. request for defensive military expansion & administration ->national strength 4. Beds of valuable resources for national development

Bygones or starting point of dispute? Chinese ambiguity: A. The difficulties and lack of coordination and political will to address the issue. B. The Chinese navy’s use of maritime tensions to justify its modernization, and nationalist sentiment around territorial claims, further compound the problem. C. Benefit in ambiguity: it creates time for military maneuvering and base building. But as long as this situation exists, however, its new conciliatory approach is unlikely to be sustainable. It will be a major test of China’s peaceful rise.. What kind of “line” is the nine dash line? Chinese government didn’t clearly define.. Question: What do you think of the Chinese ambiguity on the legality of the Nine Dash Line?

DISPUTED ISLANDS

Factors of UNCLOS The Nine Dash Line (1936~1947) is drawn earlier than the establishment of the UNCLOS (1982~1994, China 1996). Despite having made the claim public in 1947, China has not filed a formal and specifically defined claim to the area within the dashes. That’s why international court thought it has the jurisdiction. The result of arbitration is not legally binding, but it has to be respected by powers. China as a signatory of the Convention is benefited from it in the case of East China Sea. “The equidistance principle was not a necessary consequence.. and was not a rule of customary international law.. each of the States concerned should have a ‘just and equitable share’ of the available continental shelf, in proportion to the length of its sea-frontage.”

Different perspectives Chinese perspective: 1.Great nation sentiment: Tian Xia (everything under the heaven belongs to the king) 2.Indeed historical experiences 3.Strong nationalism 4.Bilateral negotiation and peaceful solution mechanism 5.Any third party such as international Arbitral Tribunal has no jurisdiction over the cases because China was exercising its indisputable rights. (eg. Note Verbale in SCS case) Opposed to illegal occupation by the Philippines of some islands and reefs of China’s Nansha Islands. China maintains that it's relevant activities in the South China Sea are both lawful and justified. Philippines runs counter to the DECLARATION ON THE CONDUCT OF PARTIES IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA. Philippines has failed to response (to the Confidence Building Measures Mechanism). The Arbitral Tribunal has no jurisdiction over the present case because China was exercising its indisputable rights. (eg. Note Verbale in SCS case) Opposed to illegal occupation by the Philippines of some islands and reefs of China’s Nansha Islands. China maintains that it's relevant activities in the South China Sea are both lawful and justified. Philippines runs counter to the DECLARATION ON THE CONDUCT OF PARTIES IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA. Philippines has failed to response (to the Confidence Building Measures Mechanism). The Arbitral Tribunal has no jurisdiction over the present case because China was exercising its indisputable rights.

Cont’d: Different perspectives Japanese perspective: 1.Historical ministration 2.China hadn’t claimed the territory until the discovery of petroleum resources 3.China threat theory: control of media and censorship->extreme nationalism; speedy military expansion 4.The Japanese unease was once explained vividly by Japan’s trade minister Shoichi Nkagawa that China was about to ‘suck out’ their resources with a straw (oil drill) (eg. Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)) no evidence of it having been under the control of China. The Senkaku Islands had nothing to do with the article in the Treaty of Shimonoseki The islands are included in the area that was reverted to Japan at the time of Okinawa reversion in Prior to the discovery of petroleum resources, neither Beijing nor Taipei insisted sovereignty over the Islands. (but China rebuked the San Treaty’s exclusion of Senkaku Islands as part of Taiwan, and put it under the Nansei Islands) Question: Does diaoyudao belong to Ryukyu or not? From Japanese map, the color of Diaoyudao is the same with a Chinese Island city.. (eg. Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)) no evidence of it having been under the control of China. The Senkaku Islands had nothing to do with the article in the Treaty of Shimonoseki The islands are included in the area that was reverted to Japan at the time of Okinawa reversion in Prior to the discovery of petroleum resources, neither Beijing nor Taipei insisted sovereignty over the Islands. (but China rebuked the San Treaty’s exclusion of Senkaku Islands as part of Taiwan, and put it under the Nansei Islands) Question: Does diaoyudao belong to Ryukyu or not? From Japanese map, the color of Diaoyudao is the same with a Chinese Island city..

Philippines perspective: 1.Resentment toward Chinese and communism: new imperialism! 2.Leaning toward America 3.Tightening ties with other countries in question such as Japan America perspective: 1.American “rebalancing to Asia” major policy. 2.Sea right disputes as means to come between China and other powers in the region (leads to America-China proxy war?) 3.But American defense minister has been inviting China to join the RIMPAC (Rim of the Pacific Exercise) despite of the resistance from within the government, it could be seen as a sign that America doesn’t want to engage in direct conflicts

Debate Questions 1. What do you make of the ideological bias toward China? Is it based on rational understanding of role of China thus justifiable? Do you think peaceful rising is possible for China? Or do you agree with John Mearsheimer’s view of offensive realism? (reversely proved the truth of American deliberate containment toward China) 2. Why did the Philippines respond the most fiercely to the issue among the claimants in Southeast Asia? Why didn’t they resort to peaceful negotiation with China? 3. What do you make of the American role in the issues? How far do you think the US should go in this case? Is US active engagement in the dispute area justifiable?

Debate Questions 4. Why did China sign the “problematic” UNCLOS, and why hasn’t America? Do you think international laws sufficient and fair means to solve international disputes? If not, why? 5. What do you think could make any of those claimants back out (on what conditions)? What if America stops its assistance under new policy of a would-be president such as Trump:)? 6. What do you make of the tightening relations between Japan and Philippines? Should China be alerted? 7. Do you think there will be wars? (seeing that North and South Koreas haven’t really engaged in any wars after armistice..) Thanks for your attention!