Messana Science 8 Chapter 25

 = Microorganism, Microscopic Organism  Bacteria  Virus  Parasite  Fungi  Found EVERYWHERE!!...water, surface of living things, inside living organisms

 Caused by a microbe entering a place in the body where they aren’t supposed to be  Organism experiences impaired function  Show symptoms = your body’s response to disease (fever, vomiting, joint pain, skin condition, diarrhea, etc.)  Can be infectious/communicable OR non-infectious/non-communicable

 Bacteria

 Single celled organisms – ALIVE!  Very small, Need microscope to see  Prokaryotic  Can be found on most materials and surfaces – Soil, Water, Air, etc.  Can live: With/WO O 2, extreme HOT/COLD. Bacteria doubles, reproduces VERY quickly :0  Billions on your skin and in your body’s digestive track right now!  Alexander Fleming~ 1928…accidentally grew mold; led to discovery of PENICILLIN!! Harmless bacteria on the stomach lining E. Coli O157:H7 can make you very sick. Streptococcus can cause strep throat.

 Different shapes = sphere, rod, spiral  Have cell membrane, cell wall, & capsule  Cytoplasm contains genetic material floating freely + ribosomes (no nucleus or other organelles)  Has flagellum & cilia  Can move, reproduce, eat, etc.

 Harmful Bacteria = Germs, Pathogens (Greek: Pathos ~ means “suffering”) ◦ Cause disease by releasing toxins into body ◦ Toxins are the waste products from bacteria ◦ Bacterial infections  fever, swelling, rash ◦ Treat with ANTIBIOTICS! Antibiotic resistance occurs when antibiotics are OVERUSED!!  Helpful Bacteria: (ex. found in intestines) ◦ Eat other more harmful substances ◦ Help plants and animals release nutrients to be used by organism ◦ Digest food in your stomach

 : :  ClAc ClAc

VERY small! Composed of DNA or RNA & protein coat = CAPSID NOT A LIVING CELL!! Can’t reproduce, eat, move, or maintain homeostasis Must get inside HOST CELL to reproduce Must fit cell membrane like “lock and key”

 If virus finds suitable living host cell… uses the enzymes & organelles of host cell to make more viruses ◦ DNA or RNA directs host cell to make copies of virus particle ◦ Copies of virus cause host cell to EXPLODE! ◦ Viruses go on to affect other cells

 Youtube..  Virus (HPV)

Cause disease in plants & animals Viral diseases are the most widespread illnesses in humans…minor as fevers…serious as some forms of cancer Transmitted: human contact, water, food, insect bites… Can’t treat viral infections with anything – have to run their course.. HOWEVER~ some vaccines & anti-viral drugs used to control & prevent spread of disease (HIV/AIDS, Herpes/Shingles – Valtrax)

 YouTube…  Virus Rap!  +rap&view=detail&mid=02D35ECBF6569A30 AFB302D35ECBF65 +rap&view=detail&mid=02D35ECBF6569A30 AFB302D35ECBF65  If the above doesn’t work….go to Google and type in “virus rap” and click “I’m a Virus (Mr W’s Virus Rap)

 An organism that has a harmful relationship with a host organism  Parasite lives on or in the host  Slowly weakens or kills host quickly  Usually SPECIALIZED ANATOMICALLY (structure of the organism) & PHYSIOLOGICALLY (function of the organism).  EX: Tapeworms-so specialized = NO digestive system. Live in small intestine & absorb food directly through skin :0

 EX: lice, ticks, heartworm, mites, fleas, pin worms, tapeworms…  Tapeworms are flatworms that consist of a head, neck and a segmented body that can grow up to feet long with hooks on the underside to attach to intestinal walls. :0 Tapeworm infection can be caused by ingesting tapeworm eggs or larvae, which can be found in animal meats, water, soil or animal feces  PREVENTION: Wash hands!!! Cook meat! Sanitize Water!!  Are you ready for these pictures!?

 The Parasite Picture Gallery - Life cycles of several very common parasites.htm The Parasite Picture Gallery - Life cycles of several very common parasites.htm

 9 Human Parasites You Don't Want Along for the Ride Page 3 TreeHugger#slide-top.htm 9 Human Parasites You Don't Want Along for the Ride Page 3 TreeHugger#slide-top.htm

 Transfer sun energy into energy that can be used by cells

 Break down materials in  Dead/Decaying organisms  for reuse.

 books/nature/producers-consumers-and- decomposers books/nature/producers-consumers-and- decomposers

 J:\The Parasite Picture Gallery.mht J:\The Parasite Picture Gallery.mht