The Xia,Shang,and Zhou dynasties, BCE. The Xia,Shang,and Zhou dynasties, BCE. Page: 115 Page: 115

Chapter 5: Early Society in East Asia I. More than 4,000 years ago, the first Chinese settlements developed near the Huang He settlements developed near the Huang He (Yellow) River of present-day China. (Yellow) River of present-day China. II. Dynasties ruled China for over 4,000 years. A. Xia dynasty (2200 BC-1766 BC) A. Xia dynasty (2200 BC-1766 BC) 1. Founded by King Yu, hero of flood 1. Founded by King Yu, hero of flood control. control. 2. Canals and irrigation were introduced. 2. Canals and irrigation were introduced. B. Shang dynasty (1766 BC-1122 BC) B. Shang dynasty (1766 BC-1122 BC) 1. Many written records and material 1. Many written records and material

remains discovered. remains discovered. 2. Vast network of walled towns. 2. Vast network of walled towns. 3. Indo-European migrants introduced 3. Indo-European migrants introduced horses and chariots. horses and chariots. C. Zhou dynasty (1122 BC-256 BC) C. Zhou dynasty (1122 BC-256 BC) 1. Justified their overthrow of the Shang 1. Justified their overthrow of the Shang with the “Mandate of Heaven.” That is, with the “Mandate of Heaven.” That is, God gave them the right to rule. God gave them the right to rule. 2. Decentralized political organization. 2. Decentralized political organization. Used princes and relatives to rule Used princes and relatives to rule

regions. Resulted in a weak central regions. Resulted in a weak central government and the rise of regional government and the rise of regional powers. powers. III. Society and family A. Social structure: ruling elites; A. Social structure: ruling elites; merchants (trade with areas outside merchants (trade with areas outside China; peasants; slaves China; peasants; slaves B. Veneration of ancestors; patriarchal B. Veneration of ancestors; patriarchal society society

China during the Period of the Warring States, BCE Page: 119 Page: 119

Chapter 6: Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania

I. Early societies of Mesoamerica A. Migration: Around 13,000 BCE, humans A. Migration: Around 13,000 BCE, humans traveled from Siberia to Alaska. By 9,500 traveled from Siberia to Alaska. By 9,500 BCE, they reached the southernmost part of BCE, they reached the southernmost part of South America. South America. B. Olmecs (“rubber people”) lived near the B. Olmecs (“rubber people”) lived near the Gulf of Mexico around 1,200 BCE. First Gulf of Mexico around 1,200 BCE. First complex society in the Americas. Lost complex society in the Americas. Lost power around 400 BCE. power around 400 BCE.

Olmec sculpture

Olmec pyramid at La Venta

C. The Mayans: Classic Mayan society lasted C. The Mayans: Classic Mayan society lasted from 500 BCE to CE 900 when the Toltecs from 500 BCE to CE 900 when the Toltecs began to overtake them. Built pyramid- began to overtake them. Built pyramid- temples (Chichen Itza). Accomplishments temples (Chichen Itza). Accomplishments in architecture, hieroglyphic writing, in architecture, hieroglyphic writing, mathematics, astronomy, and chronology. mathematics, astronomy, and chronology. Bloodletting rituals were important to Bloodletting rituals were important to satisfy the gods. satisfy the gods.

Chichen Itza

Temple of the Giant Jaguar

D. Teotihuacan: Near Mexico City. High D. Teotihuacan: Near Mexico City. High point between CE 400 and CE 600. point between CE 400 and CE 600. Colossal pyramids of sun and moon. Colossal pyramids of sun and moon.

Teotihuacan

II. Early societies of South America. A. Complex societies began to form around A. Complex societies began to form around 1000 BC. Main crops: beans, sweet 1000 BC. Main crops: beans, sweet potatoes, cotton, and maize. potatoes, cotton, and maize. B. Chavin cult from 900 BC to 300 BC. B. Chavin cult from 900 BC to 300 BC. Polytheistic religious beliefs became Polytheistic religious beliefs became popular. Centered in Peru. popular. Centered in Peru.

Chavin Huantar

C. Mochica or Moche (AD 300 to AD 700) in C. Mochica or Moche (AD 300 to AD 700) in northern Peru. Some characteristics northern Peru. Some characteristics included irrigation, trade, military, painting, included irrigation, trade, military, painting, but no writing system. but no writing system.

Mochica

Mochica art

Early societies of Oceania, 1500 B.C.E.-700 C.E. Early societies of Oceania, 1500 B.C.E.-700 C.E. Page: 152 Page: 152

III. Early Societies of Oceania. A. Migrants reached Australia and New A. Migrants reached Australia and New Guinea 60,000 years ago. Guinea 60,000 years ago. B. “Lapita” people began settling the B. “Lapita” people began settling the Pacific islands around 4,000 years ago. Pacific islands around 4,000 years ago.