The Renaissance

Write a definition for the word rebirth. DO NOW

Trade and commerce increased Cities grew larger and wealthier Newly wealthy merchants and bankers supported the growth of the arts and learning The Renaissance was an age of recovery from the disasters of the 14 th century, such as the plague and political instability Recovery went hand-in-hand with a rebirth of interest in ancient culture (e.g., ancient Greece and Rome) A new view of human beings emerged as people in the Italian Renaissance began to emphasize individual ability FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE BEGINNING OF THE RENAISSANCE

What was one of the factors that contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance? DO NOW

The Renaissance was a cultural movement and a time of renewal (Europe was recovering from the Dark Ages and the Black Death/Bubonic Plague) “rebirth” “birth” Renaissance means “rebirth” of classical knowledge and “birth” of the modern world (new intellectual and artistic ideas that developed during the Renaissance marked the beginning of the modern world) What was the Renaissance?

WHERE DID THE RENAISSANCE BEGIN? Italy Italian Cities Urban Societies Major Trading Centers Secular Movement People began to put their focus on human beings and material possessions

Roughly the 14 th to the 17 th century WHEN DID THE RENAISSANCE TAKE PLACE?

1330s - An outbreak of deadly bubonic plague occurred in China Mainly affects rodents, but fleas can transmit the disease to people Once people are infected, they infect others very rapidly Plague causes fever, painful swelling of the lymph glands, and spots on the skin that are red at first and then turn black = Black Death Since China was one of the busiest of the world's trading nations, it was only a matter of time before the outbreak of plague in China spread to western Asia and Europe In 1347, Italian merchant ships returned from a trip to the Black Sea, one of the key links in trade with China. When the ships docked in Sicily (Italy), many of those on board were already dying of plague. Within days the disease spread to the city and the surrounding countryside THE BLACK DEATH: BUBONIC PLAGUE

After five years 25 million people were dead-- one-third of Europe's population. Even when the worst was over, smaller outbreaks continued, not just for years, but for centuries. The survivors lived in constant fear of the plague's return, and the disease did not disappear until the 1600s. BUBONIC PLAGUE CONTINUED

MAJOR ITALIAN CITY-STATES MilanVenice Florence Milan One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps. Venice Located on the Adriatic Sea, it is a major trade route between Asia & Europe. Florence Controlled by the Medici Family, who became great patrons of the arts. Genoa Had Access to Trade Routes All of these cities: Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe Rome Headquarters of the Catholic Church Rome

Because Italy failed to become united during the Dark Ages, many independent city-states emerged in Italy. Each city-state was controlled by a powerful family and dominated by a wealthy merchant class. Their interest in art and emphasis on personal achievement helped to shape the Italian Renaissance. Example: The Medici family of Florence ranked among the richest merchants and bankers in Europe; they ruled Florence for over 70 years. ITALIAN CITY-STATES

28.4 The Influence of Italian City-States

Why do you think art was so influential during the Renaissance? DO NOW

The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature. Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded trade, sponsored works which glorified city-states in northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular.

Classical art showed the importance of people and leaders, as well as gods and goddesses Medieval art and literature focused on religion Renaissance art and literature focused on the importance of people and nature, along with religion

Think, Pair, Share Look at each piece of artwork and determine which period the artwork is from: Classical, Medieval, or Renaissance. List three reasons for your choice. Use your notes for help! ACTIVITY: CLASSICAL, MEDIEVAL, OR RENAISSANCE?

Now, let’s see how we did! Classical = Raise 1 Finger Medieval = Raise 2 Fingers Renaissance = Raise 3 Fingers SHARE

Figures were lifelike but often idealized (more perfect than in real life) Figures were nude or draped in togas (robes) Bodies looked active, and motion was believable Faces were calm and without emotion Scenes showed either heroic figures or real people doing tasks from daily life CLASSICAL ART

Most art was religious Important figures in paintings were shown as larger than others around them Figures looked stiff, with little sense of movement Figures were fully dressed in stiff-looking clothing Faces were serious and showed little feeling Paint colors were bright MEDIEVAL ART

Artists showed religious and nonreligious scenes Art reflected a great interest in nature Figures were lifelike and three-dimensional, reflecting an increasing knowledge of anatomy Bodies looked active and were shown moving Figures were either nude or clothed Scenes showed real people doing everyday tasks Faces expressed what people were thinking Paintings were often symmetrical (balanced, with the right and left sides having similar or identical elements) RENAISSANCE ART

Describe similarities and differences between Medieval art and Renaissance art. DO NOW

Renaissance artists embraced some of the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome in their art. The purpose of art would no longer be religious, as it had been in Medieval Europe. Artists wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on humanity and emotion. New Techniques also emerged.

Italians patrons (financial supporters) were willing to spend a lot of money on art. Art communicated social, political, and spiritual values and therefore, the ownership of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status. ART AND PATRONAGE

DAVID Michelangelo created his masterpiece David in The Biblical shepherd, David (who killed Goliath) recalls the harmony and grace of ancient Greek tradition

 15c 16c  What a difference a century makes!

SISTINE CHAPEL About a year after creating David, Pope Julius II summoned Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Depicts the biblical history of the world from the Creation to the Flood

PIETA 1499 MARBLE SCULPTURE

MOSES

Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Mathematician, Engineer

MONA LISA ( )

THE LAST SUPPER ( )

NOTEBOOKS Leonardo da Vinci dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles work

RAPHAEL PAINTER

1510 Fresco Vatican City An imaginary gathering of great thinkers and scientists Perspective Subjects are mainly secular, but can be religious Figures look idealized, but can also look like everyday ordinary people Bodies are active Clothed or unclothed Faces are expressive Detail

Pythagoras Socrates Plato and Aristotle

Euclid Zoroaster & Ptolemy Raphael (back) 