Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries (MAFF), Cambodia General Directorate of Agriculture (GDA) GDA ASIA RICE CROP WORKSHOP Bali, Indonesia 21-22/10/13 Pech ROMNEA, Deputy Director, Rice Crop Department, GDA, MAFF, Cambodia. Mobile Phone: (+855) 12 81 99 94 E-mail: romnea@online.com.kh MAFF

About GDA Main objectives of the GDA are: General Directorate of Agriculture, Cambodia founded in late 2008 with a purpose of ensuring food security to the people; manage and quality control and safety use of agricultural products; promote the agricultural productivity through agricultural diversification; involve in poverty reduction through increase farm incomes and ensure marketing of products. Main objectives of the GDA are: analytical support for decision-making of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries, which related to food security and food fro safety. Research & development and extension to ensure food security, promote standard of living and promotion crop production and export, Provide extensive and effectiveness of extension services to the farmers and stakeholders, Organize and develop the Agricultural Farm Cooperative, Development of law and regulation which related to sanitation and phytosanitation; to manage the use of chemical matters, bio – agents and quality control and testing of agricultural inputs and products, Collaboration with foreign and international research institutes within the region and global

Country Profile GDA Fact Territory: 181,035 sq.km Population: 14.31 mn, of which 78% - in rural area GDP : $ 33.6 bn (2012) Agriculture: 34.7%, Crop occupies 54.8% , Livestock & Poultry occupies 14.1%, Fisheries, Forestry & Logging occupies 25.4 % and 5 % respectively. Industry: 24.3 % Service: 41.0 % (2012 est.) GDP growth: 7.3% (2012) GDP per capita: PPP $2,490 (2012) Norminal ~ 1,150 (2012) Unemployment: 3.5% Inflation (CPI): 4.1% FDI inflow: $891.7 mn Global competitiveness index: 95/140 Ease of Doing Business Rank: 138th Data Source: MoP, MoEF, 2012

Climate and Season GDA Climate: Hot and wet Seasons April is hottest December is coolest Temperature: Max: 32.10C Mean: 27.8 0C Min: 23.50C Seasons Dry season: Nov-Apr Wet season : May-Oct 1,458mm of rainfall per year (May to October) Annual relative humidity: 60-80% Day length : 11h-13h December : shortest June: longest Data Source: MAFF, 2012

Soil Fertility in Cambodia GDA High Fertile Soil Water Body Low Fertile Soil Medium Fertile Data source: CARDI/MAFF,

Land Use GDA Agriculture 24% Forest covered 56% Grass land 6% Shrub land 10% Soil-Rock 0.2% Urban Built Up 0.1% Water Body 3% Data source: MAFF, 2012

Agriculture in Cambodia GDA Fact Gross value added for agri (bn US$):2.1 (2012) Labour force: 8.8 mn (2012) Labor force by occupation: 57.6% population engaged in agriculture 15.9 % engaged in industry 26.5% engaged in services (2011) 2012 record grain (rice) harvests of 9.98 mn tons 2012 mill rice exports : 205,717 tons 2012 record grain (maize, cassava, beans) harvests of 10.85 mn tons Land 4.395 mn ha – agricultural land 2.98 mn ha – rice cultivate land 0.913 mn ha - Cash + Industrial crops land 0.194 mn ha – Permanence crops land 0.281 mn ha – Rubber plant Average agri unit own or rent 2.2 ha (own 92% , rented – in 8%) Planting acreage 2012 (ths.ha) Yield in 2012, tons per ha Source of date: MEF, MoP, MAFF, 2012

Diversified Vegetation GDA Tonle Sap Region Rice, maize Cassava Sugarcane, Jute Fruits, Livestock Mountainous Region Rubber plant, coffee, Black pepper, fruits Livestock (beef & diary) Vegetable & flowers Soybean, Peanut Sesame Mekong Plain Region Rice, maize, soybean Livestock (pork, poultry) Sesame, peanut Vegetable & fruits Costal Region Fruits, Livestock, Rice, cassava Green bean, Black pepper, Sesame

Paddy Land Distribution GDA Rainfed lowland: 68% Deep water/ floating:3% Irrigated/dry season: 27 % Upland rice: 2% Data source: MAFF, 2012

Paddy Rice distribute by Types GDA Source: MAFF, 2012

GDA Rice Typical Farming System Productivity:3.11t/ha (2012) Surplus: 4.7mn t of grain 2012 Export 205,717 tons 2012 Export upto266,000 tons (Oct 13) 9.3M/T Data source: MAFF, 2012

Rice Production Status for Last 5 years (2008-12) GDA Descriptions 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2012/2011 Cultivated Areas(Ha) 2,615,741 2,719,080 2,795,892 2,968,529 3,007,454 1.11% Harvested Areas (Ha) 2,613,363 2,674,603 2,777,323 2,766,617 2,980,297 7.50% Yield (T/Ha) 2.746 2.836 2.970 3.173 3.117 -1.54% Production (MT) 7,175,473 7,585,870 8,249,452 8,779,365 9,290,940 5.84%

How to collect rice related statistics in Cambodia GDA Two systems of rice statistics collection Area planting, harvesting / crop damages: Reporting system from District Provincial National Level Crop Cutting Survey (Sampling techniques): Crop yield This System is under responsible of Department of Planning & Statistics/MAFF

Is there any rice production forecasting (estimation) system GDA Is there any rice production forecasting (estimation) system Cambodia has not yet set up the system to forecast the rice crop production, but the RGC has set up the policy on Promotion Paddy Production and Export (2009 -15), Cambodia can export ONE million tons of rice to the world markets in year 2015. Based on Long / Medium term Strategic Plan for Agricultural Development.

Do you use any satellite data for monitoring rice GDA Cambodia has not fully use of satellite data for monitoring rice crop. But in early 2013, government of Switzerland incorporated with IRRI has initiated the pilot project, called: Remote Sensing – Based Information and Insurance for Crops in Emerging Economies (RIICE) within CARDI (Cambodia Agricultural Research & Development Institute); is to reduce vulnerability of small-holder farmers engaged in rice production. RIICE project make use of remote sensing technology, based on satellite data provided mainly by the European Space Agency.

Do you use any satellite data for monitoring rice GDA Cambodia has not fully use of satellite data for monitoring rice crop. But in early 2013, government of Switzerland incorporated with IRRI has initiated the pilot project, called: Remote Sensing – Based Information and Insurance for Crops in Emerging Economies (RIICE) within CARDI (Cambodia Agricultural Research & Development Institute); is to reduce vulnerability of small-holder farmers engaged in rice production in two ways: Increase the information on rice growth areas and expected yields in better managing domestic rice production and distribution both during the normal growing cycle as well as after natural catastrophes struck. Provide access to insurance solution for government, agricultural intermediates (such as cooperative or rural banks) and rural farmers to cushion the financial effects on farmers that stem from flood & drought

Farm Production System or Farm Situation GDA

Production System or Farm Situation GDA

1 3 2 4 Good Governance GDA Government Policy: “Rectangular Strategy” Enhancement of Agriculture Sector Further Rehabilitation and Construction of Physical Infrastructure Good Governance Private Sector Development and Employment 3 2 Capacity Building and Human Resource Development 4

Enhancement of Agriculture Sector Rectangular Strategy GDA 1 Enhancement of Agriculture Sector Improving agricultural productivity and diversification Land reform and mine clearance Fisheries reform Forestry reform

GDA Government Policy: “Promotion of paddy production and export” MAFF Policy Direction To ensure enough & safe food availability for all people, reduce poverty, increase GDP per capita and sustainable natural resource management & conservation. “To ensure food security, increase incomes, create employment and improve nutrition status for all people by improving the productivity and diversification and commercialization of agriculture with environmentally sound protection and food safety”. Policy Paper on “the Promotion of Paddy Production and Rice Export” was promulgated on 17th August 2010 by RGC and all concerned stakeholders to develop “Action Program” for efficient and effective implementation. In this regard, the RGC has set the year 2015 as the target year to achieve paddy surplus of more than 4 million tons and achieve rice export of at least 1 mn tons.

Poor infrastructure for productions, processing and marketing Key Challenges / Issues GDA Poor infrastructure for productions, processing and marketing Low level of Post – harvest Technology and Marketing accessibility Insufficient Institutes Capacity Irrigation Systems (up to 1.2 mn ha can access to water) Natural disasters (Floods and Droughts…), Climate Change Lack of Investment Finances, High cost of power (electricity ), High cost of inputs prices (mostly imported)

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