CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge 32 Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 32.1

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 32.2 Axons of neurons Skeletal muscle tissue Blood vessel Loose connective tissue Blood Epithelial tissue Collagenous fiber Epithelial tissue Lumen 10  m Basal surface Apical surface Nervous tissue Glia 20  m Plasma White blood cells (Confocal LM) 50  m Red blood cells 100  m Elastic fiber Nuclei Muscle cell 100  m

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 32.5a (a) A walrus, an endotherm

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 32.5b (b) A lizard, an ectotherm

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Major control systems  2 major systems for controlling and coordinating responses to stimuli:  Endocrine – Chemical Messages  Nervous – Electrochemical messages

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.  Hormones - Endocrine Signaling molecules  - May effect a single location or throughout the body  - Only effect cells with correct receptors

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 32.9 Cell body of neuron Response Hormone Nerve impulse Signal travels everywhere. Signal travels to a specific location. Response Stimulus Nerve impulse Blood vessel Endocrine cell (a) Signaling by hormones Axons Axon (b) Signaling by neurons

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 32.11a Pancreas Insulin Glucagon Testes (in males) Androgens Parathyroid glands Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Ovaries (in females) Estrogens Progestins Thyroid gland Thyroid hormone (T 3 and T 4 ) Calcitonin Pineal gland Melatonin Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Oxytocin Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) Adrenal glands (atop kidneys) Adrenal medulla Epinephrine and norepinephrine Adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 32.11b Posterior pituitary Neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus Hypothalamic hormones Hypothalamus Testes or ovaries Portal vessels Pituitary hormones Anterior pituitary Endocrine cells Thyroid gland Adrenal cortex Mammary glands MelanocytesLiver, bones, other tissues HORMONE TARGET Prolactin FSHTSH ACTH MSH GH

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 32.11c TSH circulation throughout body Anterior pituitary Thyroid gland Stimulus Response Thyroid hormone Thyroid hormone circulation throughout body TSH − TRH Neurosecretory cell Negative feedback Hypothalamus − Sensory neuron

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Pathways of Water-Soluble and Lipid-Soluble Hormones  Water-Soluble (Peptide) hormones bind to cell- surface receptors  The intracellular response is called signal transduction and often includes cyclic AMP

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.  Lipid-soluble (Steroid) hormones have receptors inside cells  When bound by the hormone, the hormone- receptor complex moves into the nucleus and alters transcription

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Different cellular responses Same receptors but different intracellular proteins (not shown) Glycogen breaks down and glucose is released from cell. Different cellular responses Different receptors Glycogen deposits Vessel dilates. Vessel constricts. (c) Intestinal blood vessel (b) Skeletal muscle blood vessel (a) Liver cell Epinephrine  receptor Epinephrine  receptor Epinephrine  receptor

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Tadpole Adult frog