Chapter 7

The First President George Washington – was chosen to be the 1 st president. Martha – wife Elected by Electoral College (delegates who choose the president by representing the peoples vote.

Precedent -an action or decision that serves as an example for the future. Everything that was first done was an example for how we do things even today in some cases.

Cabinet The president’s advisors Alexander Hamilton- Secretary of the Treasury Thomas Jefferson- Secretary of State Henry Knox – Secretary of War Washington started the practice of cabinet meetings.

Judiciary Judiciary Act of 1789 – created the three levels of federal courts and defined their powers and relationship to the state courts. Federal Judges are appointed by the president for life and approved by Congress.

Quick Quiz 1. The first President of the united States was _____________. 2. ________________ are delegates that choose the President by representing the peoples vote. 3. _____________ is an action or decision that serves as an example for the future.

Sneak Peek at your Test 4. ________ are the president’s advisors. 5. ________ was the first Secretary of the State. 6.________ was the first secretary of the Treasury. 7. _________ was an Act that set up three levels of Federal Courts and defended their powers and relationships to the State Courts.

Hamilton Secretary of the Treasury Needed to pay the National Debt (What our Country owes) Bonds bought by citizens with the promise of our Govt. to buy them back at greater price mill to foreign countries 40.4 million to Citizens

Hamilton Secretary of Treasury At first the Government couldn’t pay the bonds back. People sold them to speculators (people that buy something in hopes of its value increasing) Southern states did not want of pay the debt of Northern States

In exchange for the Southern States support he got an agreement from the Northern states to move the Capital from New York to Philadelphia for 10 years and ultimately to what would become Washington D. C.

Hamilton vs Jefferson Hamilton Jefferson

Wanted power to be for the states Wanted a strong central government Wanted to promote farmers Wanted to promote manufacturing and business Wanted to lower tariffs Wanted Higher tariffs Wanted a strict interpretation of the constitution Favored a loose interpretation of the Constitution

Wanted us to support Britain Wanted us to support France Favored a National Bank Was against a National Bank Favored rule by the elite/wealthy Favored rule by the people

Hamilton vs Jefferson Hamilton – wanted : –1. strong central government –2. to promote manufacturing and business. –3. Higher tariffs on foreign goods. –4. loose construction of the Constitution Jefferson wanted: 1. to protect the power of the states 2. promote farmers 3. lower tariffs 4. Strict construction of the Constitution

Quotes Hamilton – “ The people seldom judge or determine rightly.” Jefferson – “ Our Government will remain virtuous for many centuries as long as we are chiefly agricultural.”

Hamilton and the Bank Hamilton wanted a National Bank and for states to have their own bank. He wanted a National Mint to coin our own money. Jefferson and Madison thought that it gave too much power to the govt. Congress and Washington sided with Hamilton.

Bank of the United States Our first national Bank. It helped stabilize the economy. Hamilton

The French Revolution and America France and Britain continue to fight. July 14, 1789 – Citizens of Paris attack and capture the Bastille a hated fortress and prison that was a symbol of Royal Power.

The French people revolt and overthrow their king and establish a Republican Government. They beheaded Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

France and Britain go to war and America remains neutral. Neutrality Proclamation- U.S. would not take sides with European Nations at war. Frances representative to the U.S. was Edmund Genet, he asked sailors to help fight France. Privateers –private ships that fought for money.

Jefferson thought that we should help France Hamilton thought that we should help Britain. Jefferson resigned as Secretary of the State because he felt Hamilton had too much influence in foreign policy. Jefferson

Jay’s Treaty Britain seized American Ships and Britain's Generals were helping the native Americans fight the Americans. Washington sent John Jay (Chief Justice of the Supreme Court) to work out a compromise. Jay’s Treaty settles the dispute.

Jay’s Treaty Continued Britain pays damages for ships and abandons forts in the Northwest. The U.S. agrees to pay the debt it owes Britain.

Pickney’s Treaty Spain and America dispute the border between the U.S. and Florida. Spain closes the port of New Orleans to U.S. trade. Ambassador Thomas Pickney meets with Spain and his treaty called Pickney’s treaty settles the dispute.

The Whiskey Rebellion Congress passes a tax on Whiskey to help pay the war debt. Whiskey was used like money in some areas. Farmers in western Pennsylvania revolted and Washington led an Army to put down the revolt. It ended without a battle.

Washington’s Farewell Warnings Permanent ties with foreign countries are dangerous. Because it could draw the U.S. into a war. Political Parties – create conflict which weaken a nation. (political Unity is the key to National Success) Too much National Debt is bad. Governments should work at not borrowing money. Washington

Mount Vernon

A SNEAK PEEK AT Y0UR TEST ____________1.Private ships hired by a country to attack its enemies. ____________2. Treaty that settled the border dispute with Spain over the border of Florida. ____________3. Proclamation that the United States would not take side in European wars.

Sneak peek at your test cont. ___________4. The battle at which Native Americans were defeated by Wayne’s troops. It ended conflict in the Northwest. ___________5. Washington felt that forming permanent ties with foreign countries was a danger to our country. (true / false )

Political Parties The election of 1796 is the first election more than one person ran. Political Parties developed- groups that help elect people and shape policy. Federalist party-want a strong central government and support industry. Founded by Hamilton. Chose John Adams to run.

Democratic-Republican Party- want to limit the power of government. Choose Thomas Jefferson to run. John Adams wins

The XYZ Affair X,Y,&Z refer to the three French agents that offered to arrange a treaty between the United States and France in exchange for a bribe. The American Ambassadors refused. Millions for defense but not one cent for tribute.

The Alien And Sedition Acts Passed by Federalist to crush opposition to war. Sedition Act- forbade criticism of the Federal government through print or voice. Cancelled the FIRST amendment. Jefferson and Madison decided to fight the sedition act. Kentucky and Virginia Resolution- argued that the alien and sedition act was unconstitutional.

Congress did not repeal the acts but they did let them expire after a few years.