STANAG 5066: Profile for HF Radio Data Communications presented by: Donald G. Kallgren Communication Systems Division voice: 31 70 314 2409 fax: 31 70 314 2176 Donald.Kallgren@nc3a.nato.int NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

Overview / Introduction Combined Endeavor Network Overview Short Haul / Long Haul Networks Demonstration Goals ‘ 5066 Overview Standards Profile Client Applications IP Multicast Demo using IP multicast client Status Future Directions NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

CE2001 - 5066 Demonstration Networks (actual) Node withdrawn Node withdrawn NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

Applications : Standards : End Systems / Profile E-mail clients (Outlook, Eudora, Netscape...) HF Chat for NT/Linux (NC3A) Broadcast Demonstration (IP Multicast) File Transfer Demo (RC Zmodem...) Standards : STANAG 4285, 4529, 4539, 5066 MIL-STD-188-110 A/B HMTP (e-mail) File Transfer ACP 127 Subnetwork Management Sublayer Modem Subnet Interface Channel Access Data Transfer IP/PPP other NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

STANAG 5066 Subnet Service Characteristics Transmission Modes: ARQ (requires half/full-duplex transmission) non-ARQ (uses simplex transmission) with no detectable errors with detected errors marked Data Delivery Confirmation Modes: none Node-to-Node delivery (at subnetwork level) Client-to-Client delivery Delivery Order: in the order submitted by the sending client in the order correctly received by the receiving client Minimum Number of Retransmissions (non-ARQ transmission modes only) Point-to-Point Broadcast STANAG 5066 provides various opportunities to tune IP performance, e.g. use non-ARQ for UDP and ARQ for TCP. Giving TCP segments containing A single ACK priority over other S_UNIDATA_REQUESTS e.g. Of course for IP Multicast non-ARQ is currently the only option. NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

STANAG 5066 v1.2 - Scope Main body provides overview of the structure of the Profile List of Annexes A: Subnetwork Interface Sub-layer (Mandatory) B: Channel Access Sub-layer (Mandatory) C: Data Transfer Sub-layer (Mandatory) D: Interface between Data Transfer Sub-layer and Communications Equipment (Mandatory) E: HF Modem Remote Control Interface (info only) F: Subnetwork Client Definitions (info only) G: Waveforms for Data Rates above 2400 Bit/s (info only) H: Implementation Guide and Notes (info only) I: Messages and Procedures for Frequency Change (info only) NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

STANAG 5066 - Profile Structure APPLICATION LAYER (F) LINK LAYER SUBNET INTERFACE (A) CHANNEL ACCESS (B) DATA TRANSFER (C) COMSEC (BID-950 & KG-84) (D) MANAGEMENT (C) SUBNET PHYSICAL LAYER HF MODEM (4285/4529) (E)(G) RADIO EQUIPMENT (4203) ALE NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

Peer-to-Peer Communication: STANAG 5066 Protocol Data Units HMTP (e-mail) File Transfer ACP 127 Subnetwork Management Sublayer Modem Subnet Interface Channel Access Data Transfer IP/PPP other Application-dependent user-to-user protocol SMTP (e-mail) File Transfer ACP 127 Subnetwork Management Sublayer Modem Subnet Interface Channel Access Data Transfer D_PCI C_PDU D_PDU C_PCI S_PDU S_PCI U_PDU U_PCI A_PDU Modem Sync D_PDUs HF Transmission Mandatory Interoperability Standard per STANAG 5066 Multiple waveform options: - ‘4285 - ‘4529 - ‘4539 - ‘188-110A / B NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

Client Multiplexing in STANAG 5066 SMTP (e-mail) File Transfer ACP 127 Subnetwork Management Sublayer Modem Subnet Interface Channel Access Data Transfer Interleaved PDUs for: multiple Broadcast groups w/ non-ARQ service Ship-Shore/MRL using ARQ service simultaneous support for multiple clients SMTP (e-mail) File Transfer ACP 127 Subnetwork Management Sublayer Modem Subnet Interface Channel Access Data Transfer SMTP (e-mail) File Transfer ACP 127 Subnetwork Management Sublayer Modem Subnet Interface Channel Access Data Transfer Modem Sync D_PDUs D_PCI C_PDU D_PDU C_PCI S_PDU S_PCI U_PDU U_PCI A_PDU NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

Client-Type Definitions: Annex F Client Application Type SAP ID Defined in Annex Subnet management client 0 F.1 Acknowledged message 1 F.2 Un-acknowledged message 2 F.3 HMTP 3 F.4 HFPOP 4 F.5 Operator orderwire 5 F.6 Reliable Connection-Oriented Protocol 6 F.7 Unreliable Datagram Oriented Protocol 7 F.8 PPP client 8 F.9 IP client 9 F.10 reserved for future assignment 10-11 available for arbitrary use 12-15 NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

can complete in as few as 2 transmissions S5066 HF Mail Transfer Protocol = SMTP with enforced command pipelining SMTP SMTP w/ cp HMTP Simple-Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) involves a number of interactive exchanges between mail client & server SMTP w/ optional command pipelining (the Internet Standard), requires that the mail client first check with the mail server verify pipelining support HMTP = SMTP w/ enforced command pipelining can complete the mail submission and receipt in two steps HMTP can complete in as few as 2 transmissions SMTP interactive exchanges continue (up to 14 steps for a small message)! NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

HF-Email over STANAG 5066 Vendor’s 5066 stack and Mail-delivery client (CE2001/5066 demo using implementations by Rockwell and Marconi) SMTP or HF Mail server User’s choice of Mail-browser program (e.g., Outlook / Netscape / Eudora) NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

‘HF Chat’ - an experimental orderwire NT/Linux-based client…operating remotely from 5066 host (LAN/WAN accessibility) attaches to the STANAG 5066 stack at SAP ID 13 used as experimental orderwire for CE 2001 demonstrations NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

PPP for direct inter/intranet access Linux-based PPPclient developed by NC3A tested with two vendor’s implementations (Rockwell / Marconi) tested and demonstrable w/ telnet ping ftp http NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

IP Client Implementation using TUN/TAP Read() from /dev/tap0 returns a complete ethernet frame, ‘tapread()’ thread call’s ip_input(). S5066_write() thread maps IP unicast/Multicast/Broadcast To S5066 group addresses and adjusts tx-mode. S_5066_read() thread reads S_UNIDATA_INDICATIONS from the HF-subnet, call’s ether_output (maps IP Multicast to Ethernet Multicast). Tapwrite() reads outQ and writes the ethernet frames to /dev/tap0. HF 5066 Tx HF 5066 Rcv NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

IP Multicast forwarding Hosts implement a simple multicast receive client PIM-SM Multicast Router forwards received multicast traffic from /dev/tap0 to /dev/eth0, and vice versa Implements proxy-igmp for forwarding multicast to the HF subnetwork Implements proxy-igmp Our HF-Radio Multicast test-bed which be shown later this afternoon. It consist of three nodes (kernelpanic, penguin1, penguin2) which are running the IP subnet client. Node: Kernelpanic acts as a IP Multicast router, querying hosts on the LAN for group membership and adjusts it’s Multicast forwarding routing table accordingly. Penguin1 and Penguin2 are running a Multicast application on interface ‘tap0’ that send out a test message on HF-Radio. This S5066 non-ARQ broadcast is received by the IP-Multicast router kernelpanic and forwarded to the LAN. For “one to many” IP Multicast applications it is more efficient to make use of the broadcast nature of HF Radio instead of using the PPP client to establish a point to point connection to each participating node. The IP subnet client in Annex F.10 allows IP Multicast (class: D) addresses to be mapped to STANAG 5066 group addresses for broadcasts in non-ARQ mode IGMP (Internet Group Managament Protocol) mechanism for dynamically keeping track of group memberschip information. Join/Leave/Report only Multicast routers send out IGMP queries. Problems: Scalability of IGMP on HF-Radio, Nodes that are in EMCON mode…. Solution: IGMP proxying. (transparent to the end-systems). Host implements a simple multicast transmit client NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

Ratification / Status Belgium X STANAG 5066 Edition 1 Released for Ratification as a Tri-Service STANAG by CNSC Mandated for NATO Broadcast, Maritime Rear-Link, and Ship-Shore System (BRASS) Belgium X Canada Czech Republic Denmark X France Germany X Greece X Hungary Iceland Italy X Luxembourg Netherlands Norway X Poland Portugal * Spain * Turkey * United Kingdom * United States X X = ratified ; * = intent to deploy or known deployment NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

Future Directions under Consideration BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY ! Client Standardization CFTP - compressed file transfer protocol, usable between MTAs IP/PPP w/ QoS mappings UDOP/RCOP w/ Application tags Subnetwork Interface Sublayer mandatory use of socket interface port number ‘5066’ registered with the IANA enhanced flow-control mechanisms Data Transfer Sublayer enhanced media access controls message sets for collision-avoidance, token-ring, TDMA media-access protocols p-persistent ARQ support for wider range of data rates full-duplex implementations! Defined in the STANAG…not yet commercially available NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

Design Constraints for Future Editions PRESERVE interoperability in currently defined point-to-point and netted random-access modes NO CHANGE to existing STANAG 5066 PDUs NO CHANGE to existing STANAG Subnetwork Interface Primitives NO CHANGE to STANAG 5066 Communications Equipment Interface Implement new capabilities using: new Engineering Order Wire (EOW) message definitions new Type-6 Management Message definitions NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION

The Target: STANAG 5066 support for Wireless Wide-Area Networking Eventual support for basic data-link requirements for HF subnet relay using STANAG 5066 Protocols use of HF BLOS links in Wireless Wide-Area Network as backups for IP links; for e-mail / attachments; as low-speed/low-cost back-links in a high-speed broadcast architecture using asymmetric IP networking Inclusion of VHF/UHF transmission media at higher data rates NATO UNCLASSIFIED - RELEASABLE FOR INTERNET TRANSMISSION