Mixtures & Solutions

Mixtures Mixtures are composed (made of) two or more substances (things) that are mixed together BUT can be separated from each other.

Mixtures Mixtures can be made from various combinations of solids liquids or gases. The substances in a mixture do not permanently change in the mixture, BUT they keep their separate properties (they don’t change when mixed)

Solutions Solutions are one type of mixture. They are made of substances that mix together completely so that they cannot be distinguished as separate substances.

Solutions They can be separated back into separate substances. This process of separation is not as easy as hand-sorting.

Separating Mixtures and Solutions Create this chart in your notes. We will add to it each time we learn a new way to separate mixtures. Method Process 1. Hand Sorting 1. Using your hands, divide mixture into separate groups.

Separating Mixtures and Solutions There are six more ways to separate mixtures and solutions. –Filtration –Sifting –Magnetic Attraction –Evaporation –Chromatography –Flotation The process of separation you use, depends on the substances in the mixture that need to be separated.

Separating Mixtures and Solutions Filtration –Is used to separate SOLID particles from a LIQUID. –To separate, you pour the mixture through a filter in a funnel. The filter will trap the solid particles and only allow the liquid particles to pass through.

Separating Mixtures and Solutions Sifting –Is used to separate SMALLER solid particles from LARGER solid particles. –To separate, pour mixture into a container with a screen material with holes of certain size. The holes should be big enough to let small particles pass through. Shake the container to allow the smaller particles to pass through the screen leaving the larger particles in the container.

Sifting continued… –Cooks use this method of separation when baking. –Sand and gravel companies use this method of separation to separate rocks for road building and other construction projects. –Can you think of a time when you use sifting? Separating Mixtures and Solutions

Magnetic Attraction –Is used to separate magnetic material from a mixture of other substances. –To separate, use a magnet to stir through the mixture. The magnet pulls out the magnetic material leaving the rest behind. N S

Magnetic Attraction continued… –A cow magnet is given to a cow to swallow. It stays in the first stomach of the cow keeping magnetic material like wire, and other harmful materials that cows swallow from going into the rest of their digestive system. Separating Mixtures and Solutions N S N S

Flotation –Is used to separate solids that float from the remaining LIQUID in a mixture. –To separate, stir the solids and when they float to the top, skim off the surface of the liquid and put the solids into a different container. –This method is used in some water purification plants. Separating Mixtures and Solutions Stir

Chromatography –Is used to separate and analyze the solutes in a solution. –To separate, place a small amount (2-3 drops) of the solution on a piece of filter paper. Place the paper in a solvent. The substances in the solution that dissolve most easily travel the furthest; substances that do not dissolve easily do not travel very far. Separating Mixtures and Solutions

Evaporation –Is used to separate a SOLID that has dissolved in a LIQUID solution. –To separate, heat the solution leaving uncovered until all the liquid turns into a gas (evaporates) leaving the solid behind. Separating Mixtures and Solutions