University of Science and Technology Astrogeodynamic Observatory Space Research Centre PAS Orange Poland - TPSAPoznan Supercomputing and Networking CenterPARTNERSPARTNERS

c Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal photo credit: All my pretty (working) (S)watches via photopin (license)All my pretty (working) (S)watchesphotopin(license) WHAT USERS NEED?

? Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal

c photo credit: All Saints Allesley Tower. XII via photopin (license)All Saints Allesley Tower. XIIphotopin(license) WHO NEEDS PRECISE TIME?

Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal Science Earth science, Astronomy, Physics, Technical science. Services Legal time, Time stamp, Mobile networks synchronization, Determination of UTC.

Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal Earth Measurements of rotation Determination of geocentrum The measurement of mass distribution The movements of tectonic plates Atmo sphere Atmo sphere Climate studies Weather modelling Iono sphere Iono sphere Interactions between Iono-, thermo- and atmosphere Storms formation and evolution Oceans Determination of the ocean geoid Measurements of global circulation Measurements of sea state and winds

Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal Very Long Baseline Inferferometry is a type of astronomical interferometry used in radio astronomy, which used a multiple, distributed radio telescopes. Low Frequency Array For Radio Astronomy using a new concept based on a vast array of omni- directional antennas

Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal Research: Gravitational wave – ripples in the curvature of space time that propagate as a wave, travelling outward from the source. Higgs boson – an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics, which allows scientists to explore the Higgs field. Optical clocks – next generation of atomic clocks, Pulsar clock – clocks based on pulsars. Verification of physical theories – experimental verification of the theory provided by theoretical physics.

Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal Electronics: Construction measuring devices: Mikrosteppers, Multichannel counters. Computer science: Synchronization computer systems, Network Time Protocol Precision Time Protocol Metrology: Comparison of remote atomic clocks, Determination of UTC

Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal Legal Time: Time applicable on given area, usually a country or a smaller territorial, Provided by National Measurement Institute. Time stamp: The Time which can be used to mark events or document, In official document should be used a legal time. 1 photo credit: All Saints Allesley Tower. Clock via photopin (license)All Saints Allesley Tower. Clockphotopin(license) 1

c Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal photo credit: via photopin (license) photopin(license) SYNCHRONIZATION

Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal Common-View, Precise Point Positioning, Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer, Time Transfer by Laser Link (L2T2), Optical fiber transfer.

The two laboratories being observed the same GNSS satellite and determine the difference between laboratories clocks and GNSS clocks. Next the results are compared. Accuracy: ~5 ns Common View Method method of measuring the phase of the carrier frequency GNSS satellites, required access to precise ephemeris (5 cm) Accuracy: ~100 ps Precise Point Positioning a two-way time transfer by communications satellite by using microwave frequency Accuracy: ~20 ps Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer, The experimental method using geodesy satellite lasers, synchronized by atomic clocks in laboratories. Stations "shoot" laser pulses to Jason2 satellites equipped with laser reflectors Accuracy: ~20 ps Time Transfer by Laser Link (L2T2), Time and frequency transfer via optical fiber, Instantaneous measurements results, Accuracy: ~10 ps Optical fiber transfer. Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal

c photo credit: galaxy via photopin (license)galaxyphotopin(license) PROJECT OPTIME

The OPTIME creates an ultra-precise time and frequency signals dissemination system. End users obtain access to these signals without incurring huge costs for the purchase their own atomic clocks, and receive the service related to laboratories generating international atomic time scales, to which any precise time must be referred. Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal Time and frequency reference laboratories - provide time-frequency signals to the OPTIME system. Local repositories - synchronized to reference laboratories - responsible to maintain time-frequency signals during any failures caused by loss of connection with laboratories. Fiber optical network - with specialized transmission equipment transfers time and frequency signals between laboratories, repositories and end-users.

System OPTIME consists: 2 Time and Frequency Laboratories – the first one is located in GUM in Warsaw and generates UTC (PL), the second one is located in AOS in Borowiec and generates UTC (AOS); 2 Local Repositories – the first one is located in PSNC in Poznan, the second one will be located in KL FAMO in Torun; 2 fiber optical links 750 km long – the first 420 km long is operational more than 3 years, the second one 330 km long is operational since December 2014; Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal

First results of comparison of 10 MHz signal from H-Maser located in AOS Borowiec and Optical Clock located in KL FAMO Torun. Green points – Allan deviation comparisons of two optical clocks at KL FAMO. Red points – Allan deviation of measurements of optical comb connected at KL FAMO to 10 MHz from Borowiec, and one of the strontium clocks. The optical 420 km link between Central Office of Measures (GUM) in Warsaw and Astrogeodynamical Observatory (AOS) in Borowiec near Poznan is fully operational and In permanent use for more than 3 years. It allows for a continuous real-time comparisons of the UTC (PL) and UTC (AOS) time scales. The precision of a single measurement (sampling time 5 s) is 30 ps. For averaging periods 0.5 hour increases to 25 ps. For longer intervals the noise of caesium clock located in GUM – UTC (PL) begins to dominate the comparisons.

Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal photo credit: Pencil N' Paper via photopin (license)Pencil N' Paperphotopin(license) VIRTUAL ATOMIC CLOCK TO THE DESK

Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal OPTIME provides time and frequency signals to end user with atomic clock accuracy, without cost of atomic clock itself and its maintenance.

Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal Ultra-precise The accuracy of the system is at the level of the best research centres on the world Distributed Time and frequency signal can be transmitted on a long distance System can use many reference laboratories Stable The first line is active more than 3 years Polish Time and frequency transfer technology was developed in Poland

Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal OPTIME is a project co-founded by the National Centre for Research and Development in the Applied Research Programme.

Terena Networking Conference – June 2015, Porto, Portugal Thank you for you attention

Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center Poznań, ul. Noskowskiego 10 Binczewski Artur phone: (+48 61) , ( ) ; CONTACTCONTACT