Collapse of Colonialism South Asia Lesson 33

Bell Ringer CRCT Book p. 187 Define civil disobedience. Explain how Indians followed Gandhi’s lead How effective were the non-violent protests and the Indians decision not to obey British laws?

Introduction Colonialism- when one government takes control or forces change over another. –Political –Social –Economic –Cultural Systems

Occupying Countries Benefits –Colony’s Resources –Market –Usually at the expense of the people in the colony. Consequences –Native citizens upset –Lack of control –Nationalist groups appear in territories –World politics and the nationalist movements brought an end to colonialism.

British East India Company Received a royal charter to incorporate. Exploited trade with East Asia, Southeast Asia, and India. Took over spices, silk goods, indigo, and saltpeter. Saltpeter- used in gunpowder, fertilizers, and preservatives. Illegally traded opium for tea with China. When cotton trade decreased they then traded tea. Angered people around the world.

The Sepoy Rebellion Sepoy- an Indian soldier in the British army East India Company lost much of its power G.B. took control of India’s govn the company lost its power.

The Sepoy Mutiny G.B. tried to change Hindu and Muslim customs. Sepoy’s had to bite off the ends of gun cartridges which were lubricated with cow and pig fat. Hint: Hindu- no cow Hint: Muslim- no swine Sepoys were chained & imprisoned.

European Powers Lose Colonies After WW II Due to social & financial drain. Stronger nationalistic resistance. Most occupied Asian countries were freed. Nationalism- people of a country are strongly devoted to their country. Desire for political independence.

Great Britain Loses India 350 years of colonization. Indian culture ignored. Educated Indians questioned westernization. Westernization- to become more like the British. Indian National Congress- organization that helped India to work towards independence.

Working for Independence Surendranath Banerjea- leader in the Indian independence movement. *Boycotted British made goods. *Purchase Indian made goods instead.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Leader in the Indian independence movement. Nonviolent Resistance Boycott of British goods, schools and universities. August 15 th 1947 India became an independent nation.

Lesson Practice Thinking It Through 1.Which statement is true about the relationship between Great Britain and India? A. India gained its independence before World War II ended. B. India gained its independence after World War II. C. The East India Company gave India its independence. D. India remains one of Great Britain’s colonies to this day.

2. One major reason why nations wanted their independence was because of A. The Sepoy Rebellion. B. The East India Company. C. Nationalism. D. Marxism.