Chapter 7 Ethnicity

Agenda Topic: Chapter 7: Ethnicity 1.Warm Up: Video on Ethnicity in U.S. 2.Group Activity: Article on Ethnicity Groups in America 3.PPT Lecture…note taking 4.Exit Ticket Questions

Play Video (Day 2) Warm Up The changing state of US ethnicity

Issue 1: Distribution of Ethnicities Differentiating ethnicity and race  Race in the United States  Division by race in South Africa Ethnicities in the United States  Clustering of ethnicities  African American migration patterns

Differentiating Ethnicity and Race Race is a category composed of people who share biological traits. Ethnicity is a group of people with a shared cultural heritage. In the United States, consider one of the most prominent ethnic groups – African Americans. Blacks are considered a race and African-Americans are considered an ethnicity. However, both encompass basically the same group.

Ethnicity and Race Some American blacks trace their cultural heritage to regions other than Africa, including Latin America, Asia, or Pacific islands. Hispanic or Latino is not usually considered a race. A 1995 U.S. Census Bureau survey found that 58% of Americans of Latin American descent preferred the term Hispanic and 12% Latino. so on the census form members of the Hispanic or Latino ethnicity select any race they wish-white, black, or other. The traits that characterize race are those that can be transmitted genetically from parents to children.

Ethnicity and Race Biological features of all humans, such as skin color, hair type and color, blood traits, shape of body/head, facial features, were once thought to be scientifically classifiable into a handful of world races. At best, however, biological features are so highly variable among members of a race that any prejudged classification is meaningless.

Ethnicity and Race At worst, biological classification by race is the basis for racism, which is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. A racist is a person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism. Ethnicity is important to geographers because its characteristics derive from the distinctive features of particular places on Earth.

Ethnicity and Race In contrast, contemporary geographers reject the entire biological basis of classifying humans into a handful of races because these features are not rooted in specific places. Geographers stress the heterogeneity of the human population, and an examination of biological differences among people does not explain why people live as they do.

Ethnicity and Race However, one feature of race does matter to geographers- the color of skin. The distribution of persons of color matters to geographers because it is the most fundamental basis by which people in many societies sort out where they reside, attend school, recreate, and perform many other activities of daily life.

Start Here on Wed, 20 April

Warm Up Questions (Wed, 20 Apr) 1.Which category is composed of people who share biological traits? a.Race b.Ethnicity c.Latino d.African-Americans 2.Which is a group of people with a shared cultural heritage? a.Race b.African-Americans c.Latino d.Ethnicity 3.Hispanic or Latino is usually considered a race. a.True b.False

Warm Up Questions, Cont. 4.However, one feature of race does matter to geographers- the _____________. a.Origin of birth b.Color of skin c.Cultural traits d.Nationality 5.According to the article from yesterday, “…the minority population is expected to rise to ____ percent of the total population in 2060…” a.75% b.56% c.50.2% d.25%

Ethnicity and Race The term African American identifies a group with an extensive cultural tradition, whereas the term black in principle denotes nothing more than a dark skin. Because many Americans make judgments about the values and behavior of others simply by observing skin color, black is substituted for African American in daily language.

U.S. Census Every 10 years the U.S. Bureau of the Census asks people to classify themselves according to the race with which they most closely identify. Americans were asked in 2000 to identify themselves by checking the box next to one of the following fourteen races:

Distribution of Ethnicities in the United States The two most numerous ethnicities in the United States are Hispanics, about 15% and African- Americans, about 12.85%. In addition, about 5% are Asian-American and 1% American Indian.

U.S. CIA Factbook White 79.96%, black 12.85%, Asian 4.43%, Amerindian and Alaska native 0.97%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.18%, two or more races 1.61% (July 2007 estimate) note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.); about 15.1% of the total US population is Hispanic

Clustering of Ethnicities Clustering of ethnicities can occur at two scales, particular regions of the country, and particular neighborhoods within cities.

African Americans in the U.S. Fig. 7-1: The highest percentages of African Americans are in the rural South and in northern cities.

Hispanic Americans in the U.S. Fig. 7-2: The highest percentages of Hispanic Americans are in the southwest and in northern cities.

Play Video Facts About Hispanics in the United States: Hispanic Heritage Month

Asian Americans in the U.S. Fig. 7-3: The highest percentages of Asian Americans are in Hawaii and California.

Native Americans in the U.S. Fig. 7-4: The highest percentages of Native Americans are in parts of the plains, the southwest, and Alaska.

Concentration of Ethnicities in Cities About 25% of all Americans live in cities, whereas more than 50% of African- Americans live in cities. Fig. 7-6: Hispanic, white, African American, and Asian areas in and around Los Angeles.

African-American Migration Patterns Three major migration flows have shaped African-American distribution within the United States: immigration from Africa in the eighteenth century; immigration to northern cities during the first half of the twentieth century; and immigration from inner-city ghettos to other urban neighborhoods in the second half of the twentieth century.

African American Migration in the U.S. Fig. 7-8: Twentieth-century African American migration within the U.S. consisted mainly of migration from the rural south to cities of the Northeast, Midwest, and West.

Triangular Slave Trade and African Source Areas Fig. 7-7: The British triangular slave trading system operated among Britain, Africa, and the Caribbean and North America.

Division by Race in South Africa Discrimination by race reached its peak in the late twentieth century in South Africa. Apartheid was the physical separation of different races into different geographic areas. Although South Africa’s apartheid laws were repealed during the 1990s, it will take many years for it to erase the impact of past policies.

Apartheid System The apartheid system was created by descendants of Europeans who arrived in South Africa from Holland in They were known either as Boers, from the Dutch word for farmer, or Afrikaners, from the word “Afrikaans,” the name of their language, which is a dialect of Dutch. A series of wars between the British and the Boers culminated in a British victory in 1902, and South Africa became part of the British Empire. British descendants continued to control South Africa’s government until 1948, when the Afrikaner dominated Nationalist Party won elections.

Black “Homelands” in South Africa Fig. 7-10: During the apartheid era, South Africa created a series of black “homelands” with the expectation that every black would be a citizen of one of them. These were abolished with the end of apartheid.

Exit Ticket Questions 1.The term African American identifies a group with an extensive ________ _________, whereas the term black in principle denotes nothing more than a dark skin. a.Background knowledge b.Historical perspective c.cultural tradition d.Biological traits 2.Clustering of ethnicities can occur at two scales, particular regions of the country, and particular neighborhoods within cities. a.True b.False

Exit Ticket Questions, Cont. 1.The two most numerous ethnicities in the United States are ____________, about 15% and ______________, about 12.85%. a.Hispanics, African-Americans b.Native Americans, Whites c.Blacks, Asians d.Asian, Hispanics 2.Apartheid was the physical separation of similar races into different geographic areas. a.True b.False 3.What percentage of the total US population are Hispanics? a.About 25% b.About 15.1% c.About 19.3% d.About 29%

Play Video (Day 1) The Journey of Man; a Genetic Odyssey Directions: (TEK 18A) After watching the video, explain how migrations, and other factors, have helped to shape distinctive ethnic groups around the world. Write a half page summary about the video.

Play Video (Day 1, 2 nd Period) The Human Family Tree