Lesson 11.1 Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Section topics (overview) the heart: location and size the four chambers of the heart the heart valves blood flow through the heart walls of the heart cardiac cycle cardiac output Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Thoracic cavity - beneath the sternum Above diaphragm – sits on the top of the diaphragm Between lungs – apex (point) tilted left (toward hip) Size of a clenched fist Weighs – 10 – 12 ounces (males) – 8 – 10 ounces (females) The Heart: Location and Size

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Heart: Location and Size

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 1. right atrium3. left atrium 2. right ventricle4. left ventricle The Four Chambers of the Heart SeptumSeptum

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Atrioventricular (AV) valves (between Atria & Ventricles) –Tricuspid (right side) –bicuspid (mitral) (left side) Semilunar valves (between ventricles and arteries) –pulmonary –aortic The Heart Valves

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. (1) deoxygenated blood flows from the body to the inferior and superior vena cavae to right atrium (2) right atrium contracts, forcing blood through the tricuspid valve to right ventricle (3) right ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the pulmonary valve, to the pulmonary artery (4) blood exits to the lungs Blood Flow through the Heart

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. (5) oxygenated blood from lungs travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium (6) left atrium contracts, forcing blood through the mitral valve to the left ventricle (7) left ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the aortic valve (8) blood passes to the aorta (9) blood travels out to parts of the body Blood Flow through the Heart (continued)

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Blood Flow through the Heart

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. epicardium –outermost layer –Coronary arteries located myocardium –middle layer –66% of cardiac muscle –Contracts beats/m –Pumps through 60,000 miles of vessels endocardium –inner layer –Lines the chambers and covers the valves Walls of the Heart

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. diastole –ventricle relax, atria contract systole –ventricles contract, atria relax mean arterial pressure –overall pressure within cardiovascular system Cardiac Cycle

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. amount of blood pumped by heart in 1 minute measured in liters/minute stroke volume –amount of blood pumped in 1 beat heart rate –number of beats per minute Cardiac Output