Civilisation des Etats Unis--4a: Puritans Prof. Sämi LUDWIG UHA Mulhouse.

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Presentation transcript:

Civilisation des Etats Unis--4a: Puritans Prof. Sämi LUDWIG UHA Mulhouse

Calvinism < Jean Calvin ( ) Geneva Bible - depravity  covenant of good works broken by Adam  only covenant of grace left (after The Fall) - predestination, unconditional election  sanctification & justification “preparationism” to be among the “elect” or “a saint”  Puritan work ethic: material success, wealth

Typology: type & antitype (figuration): OT  NT (e.g., Job as figura of Christ suffering) liberal typology: OT  Puritans - e.g., patriarchs, exodus, covenant Congregationalism: against Church  “High Church” vs. “low church”  “meeting house”  no bishops  anti-authoritarian (non-conformists) Separatists (radical Brownists) vs. Anglican Church (in America = Episcopalians)

Background: English Reformation: - Henry VIII (Tudor)  Act of Supremacy: Anglican Church - “Bloody” Mary Tudor (Catholic)  persecutes Puritans - Elizabeth I (“the virgin queen”)  tolerant - James I (Stuart) from Scotland (Catholic)  King James Bible - Charles I (son, Catholic) English Civil War - “Lord Protector” Oliver Cromwell Commonwealth - Charles II  1660 Restoration

Puritanism in New England smallpox  depopulated 1620 Mayflower  Plymouth Plantation  1609 to Holland, Separatists, “Pilgrims” William Bradford: Of Plymouth Plantation (1630)  navigation error: winter arrival  Squanto speaks English  “Mayflower Compact” 1630 Massachusetts Bay Congregationalists  Boston John Winthrop on Arabella:  “Model of Christian Charity” (1630)  sacred covenant, “City on a Hill” < Great Migration (before English Civil War)

Mayflower

Plymouth Museum

1622 Thomas Morton: Mare-Mount 1628 Maypole at “Merrymount” New English Canaan (1637)   Miles Standish “Captain Shrimp”   Indians as “Trojans” “Lasses in beaver coats come away, Yee shall be welcome to us night and day.” Roger Williams ( ) private conscience vs. civil law  founded Rhode Island, Providence  Narragansett Indians A Key into the Language of America (1643): “sachem,” “powwow”

New England Clergy John Cotton ( ) and rival Thomas Hooker  Conversion morphology Richard Mather, son Increase Mather   1661 “Half-Way Covenant”   renegotiates MA Charter son Cotton Mather ( ) Magnalia Christi Americana; Or, The Ecclesiastical History of New England, from Its First Planting in the Year 1620, unto the Year of Our Lord 1698 (1702); 800 pp., 7 books   Salem witch trials   Bonifacius (1710)   Royal Society, inoculation

Cotton Mather

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