1. The Settlement
of New England

2. Essential Questions
1)What was John Winthrop’s “city upon a hill”? Why did colonial New Englanders abandon John Winthrop’s vision of a “city on a hill”? 2)Who founded the Middle Colonies? What did the King of England do with them?

3. Protestant Reformation
Puritanism
Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
John Calvin
The Church of England
Puritans
Separtists

4. CHART: THIRTEEN COLONIES
Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner
Massachusetts
1621—Pilgrims
Plymouth Colony
Puritans
Mass. Bay Colony
William Bradford
Pilgrims
John Winthrop
Puritans
Plymouth merges with Mass. 1691
Religious freedom, avoid religious persecution, to start a “city upon a hill”, and to begin a new life.
Mayflower Compact
Theocracy
General Court
Royal Colony
Rhode Island
1644
Formed from Mass.
Roger Williams
Exiled from Mass.
Anne Hutchison
Dissatisfied with Mass. Bay Colony
Religious freedom
Consent of the governed
Self-governing colony
Connecticut
1662
Rev. Thomas Hooker
Religious freedom, exploring the frontier and settling new areas.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
New Hampshire
1679
John Mason
Sir Ferdinando Gorges
Part of Mass. Bay Colony and set up for greater opportunity in frontier---trade goods, fur, fishing & lumber industry

5. Religion in England
Henry VIII breaks away from the Roman Catholic Church
Establishes Anglican Church of England
After Charles I takes the throne, many Catholic practices regain popularity in the Ang. Church
Ang. Church divides into sects
Puritans: want to purify the Ang. Church of all Catholic influences and limit membership
Separatists (Pilgrims): agree with the Puritans but want to separate into a church of their own because of the corrupt nature of the Ang. Church
Puritans and Pilgrims become persecuted for their religious beliefs

6. Pilgrims Persecution by James I Holland 1620- Plymouth Bay
Mayflower Compact
Survival
Thanksgiving

7. Pilgrims?
vs.
Puritans?

8. PILGRIMS Difficult winter (44 out of 102 survived)….
First year went through a “starving time”
Developed friendly relations with Indian tribes
Squanto befriended settlement
Plymouth settlement survived under the leadership of Gov. William Bradford
First Thanksgiving

9. Pilgrims Half of the pilgrims die the first winter
They are saved by Squanto and taught how to grow corn and squash
Make a treaty with the Wampanoag Tribe
In 1621, they celebrate with the Wampanoag Tribe (the “1st” thanksgiving)
As persecution increases back in England, more Puritans come to N. America (The Great Migration)
Also, economic issues lead to more people leaving England

10. The Mayflower

11. All the colonies practiced some form of self-government…………
MAYFLOWER COMPACT
41 Male passengers on the Mayflower formed into a “civil body politic”, signed a compact promising to write and obey "just and equal laws ... for the general good of the colony."
The compact brought an element of democracy to America and was an example of the practice of self-government in the colonies.
All the colonies practiced some form of self-government…………

12. The Mayflower Compact November 11, 1620

13. Congregationalists & Separatists
Contrast with Virginia: Different environment & key role of religion for Puritans
Congregationalists & Separatists
Pilgrims (the latter) found Plymouth (1620)
Fled Religious and Political Persecution

14. English Migration

15. William Bradford

16. Massachusetts Bay Colony
Charles I
Puritans
“City upon a hill”
Great Migration
Saints- Freeman
Unchurched Men
“Protestant Ethic”

17. “Day of Doom”
They cry, they roar for anguish sore, And gnaw their tongues for horrour. But get away without delay, Christ pitties not your cry: Depart to Hell, there may you yell, and roar Eternally.

18. We shall be as a city on a hill..
John Winthrop
We shall be as a city on a hill..

19. Colonizing New England