Microbes and Humans Chapter 27. Microbes on Us β-Hemolytic Bacteria on Blood Agar…. streak from throat swab. We have many bacteria on us: mutualistic,

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Presentation transcript:

Microbes and Humans Chapter 27

Microbes on Us β-Hemolytic Bacteria on Blood Agar…. streak from throat swab. We have many bacteria on us: mutualistic, commensal and potentially pathogenic. We are COLONIZED !! It is all based on our SURFACES.

Loose Association-Adhesion-Invasion

Each Surface Has Different Microbes *

We have lots of Bacterial Symbionts

Skin

Human Skin Where’s the Bacteria ?? After all there are on the average human: where? to 10 6 bacteria/sweat gland

Histological Section of Human Skin

Propionibacterium acnes

Skin Microbes Sweat: 0.2 to 1% solutes: minerals, lactate, urea. Can loose 100mL to 8L/day. Sebum: oils and waxes.

Oral and Nasal Cavities

Mouth

Dental Plaque

Dental Caries: Streptococcus mutans *

While the teeth have plaque, the gums are diseased

Human Gastrointestinal Tract

One of the Few in the Stomach *

SEM Mouse Columnar Epithelium: IIeum *

Normal daily gas production: 470 to 1,400 mL/day. In 8 – 20 episodes (5 mL to 375 mL/episode)

Feces are Mainly Bacteria *

Probiotics: Adding Live Bacteria to Your Intestine Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus

Probiotics: Lactic Acid Bacteria Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus

Bacteroides Infection: Surgical Gas Gangrene Result of an unfortunate bowel surgery.

Trachea Epithelial Surface: The Escalator Only Goes Up *

Human Urogenital Tract Micrograph: vaginal swab, Gram stain. *

Virulence and Pathogenicity

Virulence: LD 50

Attachment Vibrio cholerae (pili) Escherichia coli (capsule)

Bacillus anthracis Glistening Mucoid Colonies Fluorescent Antibody B. anthracis capsule stain.

Streptoccus pneumoniae + E. coli *

Do We Got toxins !

Type of Exotoxins: Cytolytic Toxins Streptococcus pyogenes Clostridium perfringens producing lecithinase on egg yolk agar. Lecithin = phosphotidyl choline a membrane phosphoglycerol lipid

Type of Exotoxins: AB Toxins What is ADP-ribosylation?

Type of Toxins: AB Toxins Cholera Toxin: ADP Ribosylation of G-protein turning on Adenylcyclase.

Types of Exotoxins: Endo-Proteases *

Types of Exotoxins: Endoproteases

Endotoxin: LPS Limulus amoebocytes – degranulate (and lyse) in presence of LPS