1. Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology Normal microbiota of the oral cavity. Bacterial and viral diseases of the mouth. Dental infections. Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology

2. Normal microbiota of the oral cavity The normal microbiota of the oral cavity contains organisms able to resist mechanical removal by adhering to surfaces like the gums and teeth.

3. The oral cavity is colonize by microorganisms from the surrounding environment within hours after a human is born. Initially the microbiota consists mostly of the genera (aerobes and anaerobes) Streptococcus Neisseria Actinomyces Veillonella Lactobacillus Candida

4. As the first teeth erupt, the anaerobes become dominant due to the anaerobic nature of the gingival groove. As teeth grow, S.parasanguis and S.mutans attach to their enamel surfaces. S.salivarius attaches to the buccal and gingival epithelial surfaces and colonizes the saliva.

5. The presence of these bacteria contributes to the eventual formation of Dental plaque Caries Gingivitis Periodontal disease

6. Dental plaque The first step in the formation of dental plaque

7. Dental plaque Two species that might not attach to each other may attach to a third.

8. After the microbial plaque ecosystem develops. Bacteria produce acids from sugars. They are not diluted or neutralized, and they demineralize the enamel to produce a lesion on the tooth. It is this chemical lesion that initiates dental decay.

9. The formation of dental plaque

10. Characteristics of some of the bacteria found in dental plaque Actinimyces Lactobacillus Neisseria Rothia

11. Characteristics of some of the bacteria found in dental plaque Streptococcus Veillonella

12. Periodontal disease Periodontal disease – refers to a diverse group of diseases that affect the periodontium.

13. Periodontal disease Disease is initiate by the formation of subgingival plaque

14. Periodontal disease The result is an inflammatory reaction known as periodontitis formation of periodontal pockets.

15. Periodontal disease formation of a periodontal abscess, general tissue necrosis.

16. Viral diseases of the mouth and salivary glands Some viral diseases commonly involve the mouth, but produce more dramatic symptoms elsewhere in the body. For example, Measles Chicken pox

17. Viral diseases of the mouth and salivary glands Infectious mononucleosis Coxackieviruses

18. Herpes infection