21/06/2016 CSF do not copy – do not reproduce RFID and contactless cards Proximity and vicinity systems at 13.56MHz

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce Agenda  RFID?  Near field communication principles  13.56MHz – the standards  Typical applications

21/06/2016 CSF do not copy – do not reproduce RFID Radio Frequency IDentification

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce RFID IDentification (human, animal, vehicle, object, whatever) by the mean of radio frequencies Concept invented during World War II (together with RADAR): ‘Friend or Foe?’

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce Frequencies dedicated to RFID ELF 3 Hz30 Hz300 Hz3 kHz30 kHz300 kHz3 MHz30 MHz300 MHz3 GHz30 GHz300 GHz SLFULFVLFLFMFHFVHFUHFSHFEHF kHz  Animals ID  Automotive handfree key  Anti theft MHz  Access control  Authentication  Small item management  Anti theft 915 MHz (US) MHz (EU) Supply chain Large item management 2.45 GHz Trafic toll Long distance automotive access control Higher data rate Good penetration in materials  High data rate to handle with big memories, cryptography or anticollision  Not affected by fluids / organic materials Why MHz ?

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce When distance matters… Working with radio waves  Maxwell’s equations to describe electric field E and magnetic field H (very complex in general case…) Two cases where ‘simple’ approximations exist:  Distance   Near field (close coupling)  H >> E  magnetic effects are dominant (Biot & Savart)  Distance    Far field  E >> H  electric effects are dominant MHz ?  = 22.12m   = 3.5m

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce RFID tags kHz  Animals ID  Automotive handfree key MHz  Access control  Authentication  Small item management  Anti theft 915 MHz (US) MHz (EU)  Supply chain  Large item management (pallets, containers) 2.45 GHz (active tags) Trafic toll Long distance automotive access control 1 * 30 mm 0.5 – 30 $ 1 – 5 $ $ $ Minimal order count 200 Price $ 1,60 54 * 86 mm PVC card, Mifare Classic 1k : $ 0.46 – k : $ 0.85 – * 86 mm PVC card, EPC Class1 Gen2 Digressive price between order count 1 to Price $ 0,75 – 1 Motion sensors Specific frames. E.g. tubular frames Anti-tamper facility Rugged, waterproof

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce Tag / card / smartcard ?  Tag: single usage = identification  Expected to be inexpensive, read-only is OK (Unique IDentifier)  but… is it genuine?  Contactless smartcard: an high-end electronic device  Able to store large amount of data  Highest security level  but… isn’t it too expensive for identification?  Contactless memory card: somewhere in-between  Able to store decent amount of data  Security level: from zero to very good

21/06/2016 CSF do not copy – do not reproduce Near field communication Distance   - RFID using inductive coupling

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce The transformer principle

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce The transformer principle  Reader generates a magnetic field (13.56 MHz carrier)  Tag is powered by the field  It also retrieves a 13.56MHz clock Reader antenna Smartcard antenna

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce Communication  Reader modulates its carrier (amplitude)

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce Communication  Reader modulates its carrier (amplitude)  Tag modulates its load to impact the carrier

21/06/2016 CSF do not copy – do not reproduce 13.56MHz Proximity and vicinity standards

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce The large 13.56MHz family Baud rate and power transfer  high memory capacity  high security capabilities ISO Vicinity cards Operating distance : 0 to 150 cm Slow baudrate : 26 kbps ‘Handfree’ ISO Proximity cards Operating distance: 0 to 10 cm Fast baudrate : 106 to 847 kbps ‘Touch’n’go’ ISO Item MHz ISO Near Field Communication (NFCIP-1) Track & trace applications with : supply chains objects/animals Payments/banking, mass transit, government&ID, access control, objects/persons identification, fiancial/personal information Not ISO, but… Innovatron, Felica, Mifare, etc…

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce The large 13.56MHz family Price = function (memory, cryptography, number of units) 0.5 – 1.3 $ 0,15 $ 2 – 15 $ ISO smartcards  High-end applications  Memory : 4 to 128 kbytes  Millions of users  Key features : security or storage capacity, or both  Reusable or long lifetime cards ISO tags  Ojects/animal Identification  Memory : 0 to 128 bytes  Trillions of items  Key features : price, price, price  Disposable tags or labels ISO memory cards  Identification or more  Memory : 0 to 4 kbytes  Billions of users  Key features : ease of use, capacity, price  Reusable or disposable tags, labels or cards

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce 13.56MHz standards

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce ISO A Reader to card: Card to reader: Modified Miller Encoding 100% ASK modulation (OOK) Manchester Encoding

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce ISO B Reader to card: Card to reader: NRZ-L Encoding NRZ Encoding 10% ASK modulation

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce 13.56MHz standards

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce 13.56MHz standards

21/06/2016 CSF do not copy – do not reproduce Typical applications The right card for the right usage

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce Typical applications Identity Management Ticketless Travel Loyalty Programs Building Security/Area Access Secure Network Access Information Security Healthcare Debit/Credit Card Electronic Purse Mass Transit Time and Attendance Administration Citizen card Student card Customer recognition Loyalty Drivers License Work/Entry Permits Parking Mary Carver

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce Application map…

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce Application map… Mary Carver

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce

21/06/2016 CSF not copy – do not reproduce Contact us SpringCard HEADQUARTERS, EUROPE 13 voie la Cardon Parc Gutenberg Palaiseau France Phone : +33 (0) Fax : +33 (0) SpringCard AMERICAS 6161 El Cajon Blvd Suite B, PMB 437 San Diego, CA USA Phone : +1 (713)

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