Pulmonary Function Testing

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Presentation transcript:

Pulmonary Function Testing פרופ' רפאל ברויאר מכון הריאה ביה"ח האוניברסיטאי הדסה עין-כרם

Pulmonary Function Testing Clinical Evaluation of pulmonary disease History Physical examination Imaging Pulmonary function tests Fiberoptic bronchoscopy

Pulmonary Function Testing Pulmonary function tests Spirometry Lung volumes Diffusion capacity Arterial Blood Gases

Static Lung Volumes

Static Lung Volumes VC TLC FRC IRV TV ERV RV

Pulmonary Function Testing Physiological classification of Pulmonary diseases Obstructive Restrictive

Pulmonary Function Testing Physiological classification of Pulmonary diseases Obstructive Restrictive

Spirometry Spirometry

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec (FEV1) Forced Mid-Expiratory Flow (FEF)

Obstructive Airway Disease

Obstructive Airway Disease Obstruction FEV1 <80% FEV1 / FVC <70%

Obstructive Airway Disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Asthma Bronchiectasis Cystic fibrosis Bronchiolitis obliterans Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

Pulmonary Function Testing Physiological classification of Pulmonary diseases Obstructive Restrictive

Static Lung Volumes VC TLC FRC IRV TV ERV RV

Helium-Dilution Technique HeC1 x V1 = HeC2 x V2

Plethysmography P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 V2 = V1 + V

VC, FRC, TLC < 80% FEV1/FVC > 80% Restrictive Lung Disease VC, FRC, TLC < 80% FEV1/FVC > 80%

Restrictive Lung Disease Pulmonary parenchymal disease Idiopathic Pulmonary Pneumonia Collagen vascular disease Occupational lung disease Granulomatous disease (Sarcoidosis) Vasculitis

Restrictive Lung Disease Extraparenchymal Disease Chest wall deformity (kyphoscoliosis) Neurological disorder (myasthenia gravis) Muscular disease (myopathy) Abdominal pressure (ascites, obesity) Pleural Disease (effusion, fibrothorax)

Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for CO (DLCO) CO binds to RBC with high affinity CO does not participate in metabolism

Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for CO (DLCO)

Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for CO (DLCO) Detection and evaluation of restrictive disease Distinction of emphysema from other obstructive lung disorders Diagnosis of pulmonary hemorrhage

VC, FRC, TLC < 80% FEV1/FVC > 80% Restrictive Lung Disease VC, FRC, TLC < 80% FEV1/FVC > 80% Pulmonary-Parenchymal (Interstitial) DLCO < 80% Extra-pulmonary DLCO > 80% MIP and MEP 

Common Ventilatory Abnormalities TLC RV or FRC VC FEV1 / FVC MIP / MEP DLCO Obstructive  / N  /N  N Restrictive Extraparenchymal N /  N /  Restrictive Parenchymal

מקרה 1 בן 19, חייל. מזה 3 חודשים, קוצר נשימה שמופיע במיוחד לאחר מאמץ , ולעתים גורם להתעוררות משינת לילה. בדיקה פיזיקלית: כניסת אויר תקינה לשתי הריאות, אקספיריום מאורך וצפצופים סוף-אקספירטורים.

מקרה 1 + ventolin Initial FVC 3.35 L (94%) FVC 3.08 L (86%) FEV1 2.96 L (96%) (+45%) FEV1/FVC (88%) Initial FVC 3.08 L (86%) FEV1 2.04 L (70%) FEV1/FVC ( 66%) Flow V

מקרה 2 בת 55, מעשנת כבדה. תלונות של קוצר נשימה מתגבר. בבדיקה: קולות נשימה מוחלשים בשתי הריאות, אקספיריום מאורך, ללא צפצופים.

מקרה 2

מקרה 2 FVC 3.70 L 90% FEV1 1.98 L 51% +3% FEV1/FVC 53% FEF 25%-75% 16% + Bronchodilator FVC 3.70 L 90% FEV1 1.98 L 51% +3% FEV1/FVC 53% FEF 25%-75% 16% מקרה 2 FVC 3.40 L 72% FEV1 1.91 L 48% FEV1/FVC 56% FEF 25%-75% 19% FRC 149% RV 110% TLC 111% RV/TLC 54% DLCO 50%

מקרה 3 בן 40, עודף משקל. קוצר נשימה במאמצים בינוניים בחודשים האחרונים. בבדיקה: נשימה בועית עם כניסת אויר תקינה לשתי הריאות. חולשת גפיים, בעיקר תחתונות וירידה בתחושה דיסטלית.

מקרה 3 FVC 2.56 L 77% FEV1 2.29 L 81% FEV1/FVC 90% FEF 25%-75% 90% FRC 90% RV 94% TLC 74% RV/TLC 35% DLCO 92% MIP 50% MEP 35%

מקרה 4 בת 60, עקרת בית. מזה 4 חודשים שיעול טורדני יבש כל שעות היום. קוצר נשימה במאמצים יום-יומיים. בבדיקה: חרחורים עדינים סוף-אינספירטוריים.

מקרה 4

מקרה 4 Flow FVC 2.42 L 73% FEV1 2.03 L 73% FEV1/FVC 84% FEF 25%-75% 64% FRC 69% RV 71% TLC 68% RV/TLC 34% DLCO 62% V

Normal Lung Parenchyma Honeycombing Normal Lung Parenchyma

מקרה 4