Section 1.4 Body Systems Objectives: 1.List the organ systems of the body and state the major organs associated with each. 2.Describe in general the functions of each organ system.
Organ Systems 1.Organs work together in systems 2.Grouped according to their function 3.Divided into 4 Major Categories: a. Support, Movement, and Protection: includes the integumentary system, skeletal system, and muscular system. b. Integration and Coordination: includes the nervous system and endocrine system
c. Maintenance of the Body: includes the cardiovascular system, lymphatic (immune) system, respiratory system, digestive system, and urinary (excretory) system. d. Reproduction and Development: male reproductive system and the female reproductive system.
1. Forms the external body covering 2. Protects deeper tissues from injury 3. Synthesizes (makes) vitamin D 4. Site of cutaneous receptors (pain, pressure, temp) and sweat and oil glands 5. Includes the skin, hair, nails The Integumentary System
1.Protects and supports body organs 2.Provides a framework for muscles 3.Blood cells formed within bones 4.Stores minerals 5.Includes the bones, cartilage, and joints The Skeletal System
1. Allows manipulation of environment 2. Locomotion 3. Facial expression 4. Maintains posture 5. Produces heat 6. (3) types of muscle: a. skeletal or striated - allows for movement b. smooth (involuntary) – found in organs c. Cardiac- found in the heart The Muscular System
1. Fast-acting control system 2. Responds to internal and external changes 3. Coordinates activity 4. Includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves The Nervous System
Includes the glands that secrete hormones which regulate 1. Growth 2. Reproduction 3. Nutrient use 4. Other systems 5. Reproductive organs The Endocrine System
The Cardiovascular System 1. Blood vessels transport blood 2. Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide 3. Also carries nutrients and wastes 4. Heart pumps blood through blood vessels 5. Includes the heart and blood vessels ***also called the Circulatory System
1. Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels 2. Disposes of debris in the lymphatic system 3. Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) 4. Mounts attack against foreign substances in the body 5. Includes vessels, spaces, nodes, lymph (fluid) The Lymphatic System
1. Keeps blood supplied with oxygen 2. Removes carbon dioxide 3. Gas exchange (CO 2 and O 2 ) occurs through walls of air sacs in the lungs 4. Includes: The Respiratory System
1. Breaks down food into absorbable units 2. Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces The Digestive System
1. Eliminates nitrogenous wastes 2. Regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance 3. Includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra The Urinary System
1. Overall function is to produce offspring 2. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones 3. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones 4. Mammary glands (located in female breasts) produce milk Reproductive System