The 1 st New Deal

Relief, Recovery, Reform (3Rs) 1.Relief – to provide immediate assistance (money, food, clothes, and jobs) to avoid starvation or homelessness. 2.Recovery - to restore the economy and try to get things back to the way they were (deficit spending, dropping the gold standard, raise farm prices, and increase foreign trade). 3.Reform – to provide gov’t intervention necessary to stabilize the economy and to prevent another depression from happening in the future.

First 100 Days FDR got Congress to pass many new laws directed at bringing relief to the United States.

Emergency Banking Act (EBA) FDR’s declared a four day banking holiday in the U.S. This holiday gave Am. the chance to calm down and allow the banks to slightly recover.

Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA) FDR got Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Relief Act. The act allowed financial stable banks to open under the guidance of the Treasury Department. This gave the federal gov’t more power in regulating banks.

Power of Radio - “Fireside Chats” FDR started to address the nation over the radio each week. FDR spoke in front of his fireplace in the White House. The sound of the fire and FDR’s way of convincing Am. that we could make it together “calmed” people & provided hope.

Federal Deposit Insurance Commission (FDIC) Guaranteed bank deposits up to $5, FDR convinced people to put money back into banks.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Established to regulate the stocks and bonds of Wall Street.

No More Gold FDR got rid of the Gold Standard. Helped farmers & investors.

21 st Amendment (1933) FDR convinced Congress to pass the 21 st Amendment. –It repealed the 18 th Amendment. Americans were allowed to drink liquor again.

Farm Security Administration (FSA) Allowed farmers to pay lower payments on loans, so they wouldn’t lose their homes and farms.

Home Owners Loan Act (HOLC) Gave low interest rates on refinancing mortgages.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Young men aged 18 to 25 Worked in national parks, local parks, and recreation areas. Paid $30.00 a month.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Brought electricity to one of poorest areas in nation (Tennessee Valley). New jobs to area. Opened rivers to boats & ships. Soil conservation and forestry. Federal gov’t criticized for competing against private companies. Strengthened the federal gov’t.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Tried to bring aid to farmers. Sought to raise prices by reducing farm production. Govt. paid farmers not to harvest crops and to kill livestock. Criticized due to large numbers of people starving in America.

U.S. v. Butler (1936) Supreme Court ruled AAA unconstitutional. AAA attempted to regulate and control agricultural production, an area reserved to the states.

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) No anti-trust persecution for industries. No child labor. Allowed workers to organize labor unions. Allowed collective bargaining.

Schechter v. U.S. (1935) NIRA ruled unconstitutional. Congress is not permitted to transfer their power to another branch of gov’t. The act gave legislative power to the executive branch & the enforcement of industry codes within states went beyond the fed gov’t powers to regulate interstate commerce.

National Recovery Administration (NRA) Promote “fair competition” between businesses. Gov’t. set production limits, wages, and working conditions. Forbid price cutting and unfair practices. Federal gov’t grew stronger.

Public Works Administration (PWA) 3.3 billion dollars for public works programs. Provided jobs for unemployed. Put $$$ back into the economy. Built dams, bridges, and buildings (post offices). Federal gov’t grows stronger.

Civil Works Administration (CWA) $1 billion to short term projects. Immediate jobs to the unemployed.

Works Progress Administration (WPA) Gov’t pays artists (writers, painters, musicians, photographers, etc.) to do work.

The WPA “Dollar”

Kansas City from Politics, Farming, & the Law Thomas Hart Benton, 1936 Kansas City from Politics, Farming, & the Law Thomas Hart Benton, 1936

Artists of the WPA

The Annual Move by Otis Dozier, 1936

Construction of the Dam by William Gropper

Women of Flint, MI by Joseph Varak

The Cradle Will Rock, 1937 Orson Welles & John Houseman The theater, when it’s good, is always dangerous!

WPA Bookbinding

The American Guide Series

Former Slave Interviews

Eleanor Roosevelt Lobbied extensively for New Deal programs. Championed causes for women, children, the impoverished, and African-Am.

Frances Perkins The first female appointed to the president’s cabinet. Established unemployment benefits, pensions for the elderly, welfare for the poorest Am., the 1 st minimum wage and overtime laws for Am. workers, & 40-hr. work week. Pushed to reduce workplace accidents and write laws against child labor. Formed governmental policy for working with labor unions and helped to alleviate strikes.

Mary McCleod Bethune Headed FDR’s Black Cabinet. Shared the concerns of black people with FDR’s administration while spreading his message to blacks.

Chart – FDR’s New Deal Legislation

Matching – New Deal Agencies

Project – Great Depression & New Deal Book

Project – New Deal Agency Poster

Directions: You have been hired by one of Roosevelt’s New Deal agencies to inform the public about an agency and how it is helping fight the Great Depression. –Your poster will have two main concepts/sections. –Sign up for one of the agencies and create the poster following the guidelines. –Your poster must be neat and colored.

Project – New Deal Agency Poster Requirements 1.Main Idea/Concept: You need to create an eye-catching poster for your agency. Create a title that includes the full name of your agency as well as the acronym. Create a graphic that represents what your agency does. Create a slogan that includes one of the 3 Rs. Select the “R” that best fits your agency. 2.Explanation: You need to let people know about your agency. Add a detailed paragraph that tells people exactly what your agency does to help people.