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Presentation transcript:

Psychological dimensions: COLOR VISION Psychological dimensions: Hue = basic color; determined by dominant wavelength in mixture Saturation = purity of color; determined by a combination of light intensity and how much it is distributed across the spectrum of different wavelengths. The purest color is achieved by using just one wavelength at a high intensity. Brightness = psychological dimension of color which most closely relates to physical intensity

Psychological Components of Color Vision chapter 6 Psychological Components of Color Vision Hue Visual experience specified by color names and related to the wavelength of light Brightness Visual experience related to the amount of light emitted from or reflected by an object Saturation Visual experience related to the complexity of light waves

Wavelength (Hue) Hue (color) is the dimension of color determined by the wavelength of the light. Wavelength is the distance from the peak of one wave to the peak of the next.

Different wavelengths of light result Wavelength (Hue) Violet Indigo Blue Green Yellow Orange Red 400 nm 700 nm Short wavelengths Long wavelengths Different wavelengths of light result in different colors.

Intensity (Brightness) Intensity: Amount of energy in a wave determined by the amplitude. It is related to perceived brightness.

Intensity (Brightness) Blue color with varying levels of intensity. As intensity increases or decreases, blue color looks more “washed out” or “darkened.”

Saturation - the ratio of the dominant wavelength to other wavelengths in the color

chapter 6 What we see

chapter 6 Trichromatic theory Young (1802) and von Helmholtz (1852) both proposed that the eye detects 3 primary colors Red, blue, and green All other colors derived by combination

Color Vision Trichromatic theory: Young and von Helmholtz suggested that the eye must contain three receptors that are sensitive to red, blue and green colors. Standard stimulus Preview Question 7: What theories help us understand color vision? Comparison stimulus Max Medium Low Blue Green Red

Theories of Color Vision Trichromatic theory (Young-Helmholtz) 3 different kinds of cones in retina (short wavelength/blue, medium/green, long/red) cones contain different opsins (light sensitive chemicals) each opsin is most sensitive to different wavelengths. wavelengths are absorbed by opsins most sensitive to them absorbed wavelengths = the color we see does not explain gray or afterimages

Opponent-process theory chapter 6 Opponent-process theory A competing theory of color vision, which assumes that the visual system treats pairs of colors as opposing or antagonistic Opponent-process cells are inhibited by a color, and have a burst of activity when it is removed.

Color Blindness Genetic disorder in which people are blind to green or red colors. This supports the Trichromatic theory. Ishihara Test

Colorblindness Far more common in males than females Different levels of severity Genetic Most = dichromatic (have 2 kinds of cones) = red/green or yellow/blue - protanopia & deuteranopia Rare = monochromatic (only rods or only 1 kind of functioning cone)

Opponent Process Theory (Hering) visual elements sensitive to color = 3 pairs pairs (red-green, blue-yellow, black-white) oppose/inhibit each other object reflects light of certain wavelength, stimulates firing of cells sensitive to that color & inhibits firing of cells sensitive to opposite color afterimages = use cells for one color; when stop stimulation, one used is fatigued; opposite is activated; afterimage occurs until balance is restored Both theories apply: Trichromatic explains how cones in retina transform lightwaves into color (photoreceptors) Opponent Process explains how color coding occurs in brain (ganglion cells)

Opponent Colors Gaze at the middle of the flag for about 30 Seconds. When it disappears, stare at the dot and report whether or not you see Britain's flag.

Opponent Process: Color Aftereffects http://www.psychologie.tu-dresden.de/i1/kaw/diverses%20Material/www.illusionworks.com/html/color_aftereffect.html

Opponent Process: Motion Aftereffects http://www.psychologie.tu-dresden.de/i1/kaw/diverses%20Material/www.illusionworks.com/html/motion_aftereffect.html (Two Eyes/One Eye – difference? Why?)