Enzymes Biological Catalysts. Activation Energy Why don’t thermodynamically favorable reactions occur without the aid of enzymes?

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Presentation transcript:

Enzymes Biological Catalysts

Activation Energy Why don’t thermodynamically favorable reactions occur without the aid of enzymes?

Activation Energy How can the rate of a cellular reaction be increased?

Enzymes

Enzymes What properties do all catalysts share?

Enzymes What is the active site and how is it related to the structure of the enzyme?

Enzymes What are prosthetic groups and how do they aid enzymes? Why does a cell need thousands of different enzymes to function properly?

Enzymes How are enzymes affected by temperature? pH?

Enzymes How does the induced fit model of substrate binding compare with the older lock and key model?

Enzymes Once substrate molecules are bound how do enzymes bring about catalysis?

Enzyme Kinetics What are the factors that influence the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction?

Enzyme Kinetics For a given amount of enzyme what is the relationship between reaction velocity and substrate concentration?

Enzyme Kinetics How can one explain the observations of Michaelis and Menten?

Enzyme Kinetics What are V max and K m and why are they important to cells? What is the turnover number (K cat )?

Enzyme Kinetics Of what use is the Lineweaver-Burk equation and plot?

Enzyme Kinetics What specifically distinguishes reversible enzyme inhibition from irreversible inhibition?

Enzyme Kinetics What distinguishes competitive inhibition from non-competitive inhibition?

Enzyme Regulation What is meant by substrate-level regulation? How does feedback inhibition control enzyme activity?

Enzyme Regulation

How do allosteric enzymes differ from other kinds of enzymes? What are allosteric effectors?

Enzyme Regulation How does allosteric regulation work?

Enzyme Regulation What is cooperativity? How is covalent modification different from allosteric regulation?

Enzyme Regulation

Which enzymes are regulated by proteolytic cleavage?

Ribozymes What led to the idea that RNA could function as an enzyme? How did this discovery alter our view of the origin of life?

Ribozymes